Löfling was born in Tollsforsbro. He studied at the University of Uppsala where he attended courses taught by Carolus Linnaeus. He went to Spain in 1751 to learn Spanish. He took part in an expedition to South America which left Spain in February 1754 for Venezuela. He died in San Antonio de Caroní (Guayana, Venezuela).
Parque Loefling in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela is named after him.
Linnaeus posthumously published his Iter Hispanicum, eller resa til Spanska Länderna uti Europa och America 1751 til 1756 in 1758.