Enterotoxin

An enterotoxin (not to be confused with endotoxin) is a protein toxin released by a microorganism in the intestine. Enterotoxins are frequently cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the permeability of the epithelial cells of the intestinal wall. They are mostly pore forming toxins, secreted by bacteria, that assemble to form pores in cell membranes. This causes the cells to die.

The death of cells that form the barrier between the intestinal lumen and the surrounding tissue causes interstitial fluid, composed of water and electrolytes to leak into the intestinal tract, causing diarrhea.

Organisms secreting enterotoxins

Examples of organisms secreting enterotoxins are: H7, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Rotavirus and Yersinia enterocolitica.

See also

• NSP4 (rotavirus)
• Endotoxin
• Exotoxin

External links