Tok Do, Tokdo, or Tokto: see Liancourt Rocks.

São Caetano do Sul, city (1996 pop. 140,808), São Paulo state, SE Brazil, an industrial suburb southeast of the city of São Paulo. Because of their integration into São Paulo's industrial zone, São Caetano do Sul and nearby Santo André and São Bernardo do Campo are sometimes collectively referred to as "ABC." Headquarters for General Motors in Brazil, São Caetano do Sul assembles motor vehicles and produces metal products, electrical and communications equipment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and clothing. The city was founded c.1631.

Rio Grande do Sul, state (1996 pop. 9,445,000), 108,951 sq mi (282,183 sq km), S Brazil, bordering on Argentina and Uruguay and on the Atlantic Ocean. Pôrto Alegre is the capital.

Rio Grande do Norte, state (1996 pop. 2,415,567), 20,469 sq mi (53,015 sq km), NE Brazil, on the Atlantic Ocean. Natal is the capital.

Rio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, barão do, 1845-1912, Brazilian statesman and diplomat. He was consul in Liverpool from 1876 to 1893, when he was appointed to plead Brazil's case in the border dispute with Argentina arbitrated by President Grover Cleveland. After winning his case in 1895, he worked on the dispute with French Guiana over the territory of Amapá and again won (1900) a substantial victory. He served briefly as minister to Berlin and returned to Brazil in 1902 to become minister of foreign affairs. In this post, which he held until his death, he concluded some 30 treaties of arbitration.

Rego, José Lins do, 1901-57, Brazilian novelist. His fame rests largely on his semiautobiographical "sugarcane cycle," dealing with social transformation in the Brazilian northeast. The first of the series, Menino de engenho (tr. Plantation Boy, 1966) was published in 1932. Fogo Morto [dead fires] (1943) is considered his principal work. His autobiography, Meus verdes anos [my green years], appeared in 1956.

Nascimento, Edson Arantes do: see Pelé.

Lins do Rego, José: see Rego, José Lins do.

Caxias do Sul, city (1991 pop. 290,925), Rio Grande do Sul state, S Brazil. It is an important metallurgical center and has the most extensive vineyards in Brazil. There is little agriculture because of the rough terrain. The city was founded in 1875. It is a rail terminus and the site of the Universidad de Caxias do Sul.

Angra do Heroísmo, town (1991 pop. 11,672), capital of Angra do Heroísmo dist., Portugal, in the Azores, on Terceira island. It is a port and was until 1832 capital of the Azores. There is an old castle in the town.

Korean martial art resembling karate. It is characterized by the use of high standing and jump kicks as well as punches and is practiced for sport, self-defense, and spiritual development. In sparring, blows are stopped just short of contact. Based on earlier forms of Korean self-defense, tae kwon do was formalized and named in 1955. It became an Olympic sport in the year 2000.

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orig. Edson Arantes do Nascimento

(born Oct. 23, 1940, Três Corações, Braz.) Brazilian football (soccer) player, in his time perhaps the most celebrated athlete in the world. He joined the Santos Football Club in 1956 and helped lead that team to a world club championship in 1962. He was part of three Brazilian national teams that won World Cup championships (1958, 1962, 1970). In 1969, during his 909th match, he scored his 1,000th goal. He combined kicking power and accuracy with a remarkable ability to anticipate other players' moves. In 1975 he joined the New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League (NASL); he retired after leading the team to the league championship in 1977. He was the 1978 recipient of the International Peace Award, and in 1980 he was named Athlete of the Century.

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