(born Nov. 13, 1908, Vanndale, Ark., U.S.—died Dec. 17, 1999, Hamden, Conn.) U.S. historian. He graduated from Emory University in 1930 and received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina. His writings on the American South and the Civil War, including The Strange Career of Jim Crow (1955) and The Burden of Southern History (1961), transformed the nation's understanding of the region. He edited Mary Chesnut's Civil War (1981, Pulitzer Prize) and The Oxford History of the United States. At his death he was professor emeritus at Yale University.

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Comer Vann Woodward (November 13, 1908 - December 17, 1999) was a pre-eminent American historian focusing primarily on the American South and race relations. He was considered, along with Richard Hofstadter and Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., to be one of the most influential historians of the postwar era, 1940s-1970s, both among scholars and the general public. He was long an advocate of Beardianism, stressing the influence of unseen economic motivations in politics. He was a master of irony and counterpoint.

C. Vann Woodward was born in Vanndale, a town named after his mother's family, in Cross County, Arkansas. Woodward attended high school in Morrilton, Arkansas. He attended Henderson-Brown College a small Methodist school in Arkadelphia, Arkansas, for two years. In 1930 he transferred to Emory University, where his uncle was Dean of students and professor of sociology. After graduating he taught English composition for two years at Georgia Tech in Atlanta. There he met Will W. Alexander, head of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and J. Saunders Redding an historian at Atlanta University.

Woodward took graduate courses in sociology at Columbia University in 1931 where he met, and was influenced by, Langston Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance movement. In 1932 he worked for the defense of Angelo Herndon, a young Communist Party member who had been accused of subversive activities. He traveled to the Soviet Union and Germany in 1932.

He did graduate work in history and sociology at the University of North Carolina. He was granted a Ph. D. in history in 1937 using as his dissertation the manuscript he had already finished on Thomas E. Watson. Woodward's dissertation director was Howard K. Beale, a Reconstruction specialist who promoted the Beardian economic interpretation of history that deemphasized ideology and ideas and stressed material self interest as a motivating factor.

In World War II, he served on the historical staff of the Navy, writing battle reports, including The Battle of Leyte Gulf (1946).

Woodward taught at Johns Hopkins University from 1946 to 1961 and at Yale from 1961 to 1977.

In 1974, the House Committee on the Judiciary asked Woodward for a historical study of misconduct in previous administrations and how the Presidents responded. Woodward led a group of fourteen historians and they produced a thorough 400 page report in less than 4 months, Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct.

Woodward won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982 for Mary Chesnut's Civil War, an edited version of Mary Chesnut's Civil War diary. He won the Bancroft Prize for The Origins of the New South. Martin Luther King, Jr. called The Strange Career of Jim Crow "the historical bible of the civil rights movement."

C. Vann Woodward died in Hamden, Connecticut.

The Southern Historical Association has established the C. Vann Woodward Dissertation Prize awarded annually to the best dissertation on Southern history. There is a Peter V. and C. Vann Woodward Chair of History at Yale; it is now held by southern historian Glenda Gilmore.

Major books by C. Vann Woodward

• Tom Watson, Agrarian Rebel (1938)
• Origins of the New South, 1877–1913 (1951)
• Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction (1951, rev. ed. 1991)
• The Strange Career of Jim Crow (1955)
• The Age of Reinterpretation (1961) pamphlet
• The Burden of Southern History
• The Battle of Leyte Gulf (1947, new ed. 1965)
• The Comparative Approach to American History (1968) editor
• American Counterpoint (1971), essays
• Mary Chesnut’s Civil War (1981) editor; Pulitzer prize
• The Oxford History of the United States (1982–99), series editor
• The Private Mary Chestnut: The Unpublished Civil War Diaries (1984) edited, with Elizabeth Muhlenfeld
• Thinking Back: The Perils of Writing History (Louisiana State University Press, 1986), memoirs
• The Old World's New World (1991), lectures

About Woodward

• Ferrell, Robert. "C. Vann Woodward" in Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945-2000. ed by Robert Allen Rutland; (2000) pp 170-81
• J. Morgan Kousser and James McPherson, eds. Religion, Race and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward (1982)
• David M. Potter, "C. Vann Woodward," in Pastmasters: Some Essays on American Historians, ed. Marcus Cunliffe and Robin W. Winks (1969).
• Roper, John Herbert. C. Vann Woodward, Southerner (1987), biography
• Roper, John Herbert, ed. C. Vann Woodward: A Southern Historian and His Critics (1997) essays about Woodward

External links

• Woodward Papers at Yale with short biography
• Oral history interview by John Egerton, January 1991 (Southern Oral History Program, UNC-Chapel Hill)