carnivore, term commonly applied to any animal whose diet consists wholly or largely of animal matter. In animal systematics it refers to members of the mammalian order Carnivora (see
Chordata). This large order is divided into two suborders, the Fissipedia, or land carnivores, and the Pinnipedia, or fin-footed carnivores. The Fissipedia encompasses two superfamilies: one (Canoidea) includes the
dog,
bear,
raccoon, and
weasel families and the other (Feloidea) includes the
cat,
civet, and
hyena families. The Pinnipedia, often classified as a separate order, includes the
seal,
sea lion, and
walrus families. The term
herbivore refers to animals whose diets consist wholly or largely of plant matter;
omnivore refers to animals that eat both animal and plant matter. Unlike the term
carnivore, these terms do not refer to any one group in animal systematics.
See R. F. Ewer, The Carnivores (1986); J. L. Gittleman, Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution (1989).
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