Hergenröther, Joseph Adam Gustav, 1824-90, German theologian and scholar, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a professor at Munich and Würzburg. In 1879, Leo XIII made him cardinal and first prefect of the newly opened Vatican archives. Hergenröther wrote polemical works and church history. A zealous advocate of ultramontanism, he refuted Döllinger with Anti-Janus (1870, tr. 1870). His historical works include The Catholic Church and the Christian State (1876, tr. 1876) and Manual of Universal Church History (3 vol., 1876-80). His monumental work on Photius, written to dispel charges of papal responsibility for the Eastern schism, is fundamental, but considered by later scholars to be unfair to Photius.