Hays, Arthur Garfield, 1881-1954, American lawyer, b. Rochester, N.Y. He was admitted (1905) to the bar and practiced in New York City. He was active in many cases concerned with civil liberties; he distinguished himself as a defense attorney in the Scopes Case (1925) in Tennessee and in the Sacco-Vanzetti Case (1927). He was counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union and conducted (1937) the investigation of civil liberties in Puerto Rico. He wrote Let Freedom Ring (1928, rev. ed. 1937), Democracy Works (1939), and an autobiography (1942).