| Otto I, 936-73 |
| Otto II, 973-83 |
| Otto III, 983-1002 |
| Henry II, 1002-24 |
| Conrad II, 1024-39 |
| Henry III, 1039-56 |
| Henry IV, 1056-1105 |
| Henry V, 1105-25 |
| Lothair II, duke of Saxony, 1125-37 |
| Conrad III, 1138-52 |
| Frederick I, 1152-90 |
| Henry VI, 1190-97 |
| Philip of Swabia, 1198-1208 |
| antiking: Otto IV (Guelph), 1198-1208 |
| Otto IV (king, 1208-12; emperor, 1209-15), 1208-15 |
| Frederick II (king, 1212-20; emperor, 1220-50), 1212-50 |
| Conrad IV, 1237-54 |
| antiking: Henry Raspe, 1246-47 |
| antiking: William, count of Holland, 1247-56 |
| Richard, earl of Cornwall, and Alfonso X of Castile, rivals |
| Rudolf I (Hapsburg), 1273-91 |
| Adolf of Nassau, 1292-98 |
| Albert I (Hapsburg), 1298-1308 |
| Henry VII (Luxemburg), 1308-13 |
| Louis IV (Wittelsbach), 1314-46 |
| Charles IV (Luxemburg), 1346-78 |
| Wenceslaus (Luxemburg), 1378-1400 |
| Rupert (Wittelsbach), 1400-1410 |
| Sigismund (Luxemburg), 1410-37 |
| Albert II, 1438-39 |
| Frederick III, 1440-93 |
| Maximilian I, 1493-1519 |
| Charles V, 1519-58 |
| Ferdinand I, 1558-64 |
| Maximilian II, 1564-76 |
| Rudolf II, 1576-1612 |
| Matthias, 1612-19 |
| Ferdinand II, 1619-37 |
| Ferdinand III, 1637-57 |
| Leopold I, 1658-1705 |
| Joseph I, 1705-11 |
| Charles VI, 1711-40 |
| Charles VII (Wittelsbach-Hapsburg), 1742-45 |
| Francis I (Lorraine), 1745-65 |
| Joseph II, 1765-90 |
| Leopold II, 1790-92 |
| Francis II, 1792-1806 |