| Emperor (or Empress) | Dates of Reign |
|---|
| Constantine I (the Great) | 330-37 |
| Constantius | 337-61 |
| Julian (the Apostate) | 361-63 |
| Jovian | 363-64 |
| Valens | 364-78 |
| Theodosius I (the Great) | 379-95 |
| Arcadius | 395-408 |
| Theodosius II | 408-50 |
| Marcian | 450-57 |
| Leo I (the Great or the Thracian) | 457-74 |
| Leo II | 474 |
| Zeno | 474-75 |
| Basiliscus | 475-76 |
| Zeno (restored) | 476-91 |
| Anastasius I | 491-518 |
| Justin I | 518-27 |
| Justinian I (the Great) | 527-65 |
| Justin II | 565-78 |
| Tiberius II Constantinus | 578-82 |
| Maurice | 582-602 |
| Phocas | 602-10 |
| Heraclius | 610-41 |
| Constantine III and Heracleonas | 641 |
| Heracleonas | 641 |
| Constans II Pogonatus | 641-68 |
| Constantine IV | 668-85 |
| Justinian II Rhinotmetus | 685-95 |
| Leontius | 695-98 |
| Tiberius III | 698-705 |
| Justinian II (restored) | 705-11 |
| Philippicus Bardanes | 711-13 |
| Anastasius II | 713-15 |
| Theodosius III | 716-17 |
| Leo III (the Isaurian or the Syrian) | 717-41 |
| Constantine V Copronymus | 741-75 |
| Leo IV (the Khazar) | 775-80 |
| Constantine VI | 780-97 |
| Irene | 797-802 |
| Nicephorus I | 802-11 |
| Stauracius | 811 |
| Michael I | 811-13 |
| Leo V (the Armenian) | 813-20 |
| Michael II (the Stammerer) | 820-29 |
| Theophilus | 829-42 |
| Michael III (the Drunkard) | 842-67 |
| Basil I (the Macedonian) | 867-86 |
| Leo VI (the Wise or the Philosopher) | 886-912 |
| Alexander | 912-13 |
| Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus | 913-19 |
| Romanus I Lecapenus | 919-44 |
| Constantine VII (restored) | 944-59 |
| Romanus II | 959-63 |
| Basil II Bulgaroktonos | 963 |
| Nicephorus II Phocas | 963-69 |
| John I Tzimisces | 969-76 |
| Basil II (restored) | 976-1025 |
| Constantine VIII | 1025-28 |
| Zoë and Romanus III Argyrus | 1028-34 |
| Zoë and Michael IV (the Paphlagonian) | 1034-41 |
| Zoë and Michael V Calaphates | 1041-42 |
| Zoë and Theodora | 1042 |
| Zoë, Theodora, and Constantine IX Monomachus | 1042-50 |
| Theodora and Constantine IX | 1050-55 |
| Theodora | 1055-56 |
| Michael VI Stratioticus | 1056-57 |
| Isaac I Comnenus | 1057-59 |
| Constantine X Ducas | 1059-67 |
| Michael VII Ducas (Parapinaces) | 1067-68 |
| Romanus IV Diogenes | 1068-71 |
| Michael VII Ducas (restored) | 1071-78 |
| Nicephorus III Botaniates | 1078-81 |
| Alexius I Comnenus | 1081-1118 |
| John II Comnenus | 1118-43 |
| Manuel I Comnenus | 1143-80 |
| Alexius II Comnenus | 1180-83 |
| Andronicus I Comnenus | 1183-85 |
| Isaac II Angelus | 1185-95 |
| Alexius III Angelus | 1195-1203 |
| Isaac II (restored) and Alexius IV Angelus | 1203-4 |
| Alexius V Ducas | 1204 |
| Theodore I Lascaris | 1204-22 |
| John III Vatatzes or Ducas | 1222-54 |
| Theodore II Lascaris | 1254-58 |
| John IV Lascaris | 1258-61 |
| Michael VIII Palaeologus | 1259-82 |
| Andronicus II Palaeologus | 1282-1328 |
| Andronicus III Palaeologus | 1328-41 |
| John V Palaeologus | 1341-76 |
| John VI Cantacuzenus (usurper) | 1347-55 |
| Andronicus IV Palaeologus | 1376-79 |
| John V Palaeologus (restored) | 1379-91 |
| John VII Palaeologus (usurper) | 1390 |
| Manuel II Palaeologus | 1391-1425 |
| John VII Palaeologus (restored as coemperor) | 1399-1412 |
| John VIII Palaeologus | 1425-48 |
| Constantine XI Palaeologus | 1449-53 |
