Balfour, Francis Maitland, 1851-82, Scottish embryologist; brother of A. J. Balfour. He was an early exponent of recapitulation. His Treatise on Comparative Embryology (2 vol., 1880-81) is a classic treatment of the evolution of the egg and embryo. Professor of animal morphology at Cambridge, Balfour did research there and at the zoological station at Naples.