Akkad, ancient region of Mesopotamia, occupying the northern part of later Babylonia. The southern part was Sumer. In both regions city-states had begun to appear in the 4th millennium B.C. In Akkad a Semitic language, Akkadian, was spoken. Akkad flourished after Sargon began (c.2340 B.C.) to spread wide his conquests, which ranged from his capital, Agade, also known as Akkad, to the Mediterranean shores. He united city-states into a vast organized empire. Furthermore, he was overlord of all the petty states of Sumer and Akkad, as were his successors, most notably Naramsin. The merit of Sargonic art can be seen in the stele of Naramsin. The naturalistic sculpture, depicting a wide range of mythological scenes, reflected a high achievement in glyptic art. After more than a century the empire declined and was overrun by mountain tribes. When the Akkadian empire had fallen, Mesopotamia was in chaos. Peace was maintained only in the south in the city-state of Lagash under Gudea. Lagash was later absorbed by the 3d dynasty of Ur, which governed both Akkad and Sumer. Toward the end of the 3d millennium Elam took over most of the power as a new wave of Semitic-speaking peoples entered Mesopotamia. It was by defeating the Elamites that Hammurabi was able to create Babylonia. The name Akkad also appears as Accad.

Ancient region, central Iraq. Akkad was the northern division of ancient Babylonian civilization (Sumer was the southern division). Its name was taken from the city of Agade, founded by the conqueror Sargon circa 2300 BC. Sargon united the city-states in the region and extended the empire to much of Mesopotamia, including Sumer, Elam, and the upper Tigris. The empire waned in the 22nd century BC. Under the kings of Akkad, their Semitic language, Akkadian, became a literary language, and great art was fostered.

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Abbas Mahmoud al-Akkad [‘Abbās Maḥmūd al-‘Aqqād] (عباس محمود العقاد) (June 28, 1889–March 12, 1964) was an Egyptian writer.

Biography

He was born in Aswan, a city in upper Egypt. He wrote more than 100 books about philosophy, religions, greats of humanity, and poetry. He founded a poetry school with Ibrahim Al-Mazny and Abd Al-Rahman Shokry called Al-Diwan. He died in 1964 in Cairo. His most famous works were al-'Abkariat, God, and Sarah. Many of his books were translated into English. Akkad was known for his use of flowery and complicated prose.

He was born in he year 1889.He graduated only out of elementary school he did not finish school until the end.Unlike his schoolmates, he spent all his weekly allowance on books rather than candy and food.He read about religion, geography, history and many other subjects.

See also

• List of Egyptian authors