biological community

List of community topics

This List of community topics is intended to be a comprehensive listing of topics, categories and other resources related to community in the broadest sense possible.

Community types

Community, the human community:

World community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
International community, the global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
Global village, the global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications

Ideational or abstract community types

Business community, the total body of business people its relationships and interactions
Religious community, the total body of religious people its relationships and interactions
Scientific community, the total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions
Epistemic community, those who accept one version of a story
Discourse Community, used in linguistics to describe the users of a particular style of language
Moral community, a group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy
Voluntary association, a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose
Cooperative, a group of persons who join together (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit

Geographic and physical community types

Human geography:'''

Human geography means who people are and where they live

European Community, founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome
Community council, tier of local government in Wales and Scotland
Autonomous communities of Spain, Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities
Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
Local community, a town, city, neighborhood, rural area, or any locale and everyone in it
Unincorporated community, a geographic area having a common social identity
Residential community, a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents
Intentional Community, a planned residential community, usually of people that share personal and cultural values.

Cohousing communities, a type of intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.
Ecovillage, a type of intentional community formed with social, economic, and ecological sustainability as its goal.
Commune (intentional community), a type of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)
Monastery, a community of usually monks practicing a religious discipline
Convent, a community of clergy particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the Anglican Church

Classification

Types of communities

Types of communities:

Community of...

Action, a group of people organized to support a cause or bring about social change
Circumstance, a group of people bound together because of circumstances usually beyond their control
Interest, a group of people who share a common interest or passion
Place, a group of people bound together because of where they spend a continuous portion of their time
Position, a group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)
Practice, a group of people who choose to collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.
Purpose, a group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective

see Group (sociology)

Other types

Affinity group, is a small group of activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on direct action
Intentional community, a planned residential community with a much higher degree of social interaction than other communities
Learning community, a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education covering distinct fields of study
Virtual community, See Vitual community section below
Web community

Types of cooperatives

Cooperatives:

Housing cooperative, a legal entity that owns real estate, usually one or more residential buildings
Retailers' cooperative, a network of retailers which employs economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing
Consumers' cooperative, a type of cooperative which employs economies of scale to get discounts from distributors
Utility cooperative, a public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members
Worker cooperative, a type of business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers

Community development

Community development refers to efforts to improve communities:

Community organizing, a process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest
Community building often refers to the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development
Community economic development refers to efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities
Community practice, a type of social work practice that focuses on community level interventions
Community service, service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community

Community concepts, movements and schools of thought

Sense of community, a look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them
Scientific Community Metaphor, an approach in computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities
Community politics, a movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level
Imagined communities, a concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people
Collectivist and Individualist cultures, a look at the differences between collectivism and individualism
Internationalism (politics), a political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all
World Brotherhood Colonies, an idea for spiritual-based communities begun by Paramahansa Yogananda in 1932

Academic subjects

Community studies, an academic discipine, drawing on sociology and anthropology with emphasis on ethnography (participant observation)
Community practice social work, a branch of the applied field of social work, which focuses on community level interventions, such as community organizing, community development, policy advocacy and policy analysis.
Community psychology, the use of the principles of psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)
Computational sociology, a recently developed branch of sociology that uses computation to analyze social phenomena
Cultural anthropology, a field of anthropology comprising the holistic study of humanity
Internet studies, an emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the Internet and modern society
Organizational Development, a branch of Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves
Philosophy of social science, the scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the social sciences
Rural sociology, a field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country.
Social geography, how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society.
Social philosophy, the philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
Social sciences, groups of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using scientific methods
Sociocultural evolution, theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time
Urban planning, the discipline which deals with the development of metropolitan areas, municipalities and neighbourhoods

Concepts and principles

Communitarianism, a group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as civil society
Consensus decision-making, inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority
Meritocracy, a form of government based on rule by ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of social position.
Interpersonal relationship, a connection, affiliation or association between two or more people
Social capital, a concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the economic value of social networks
Communitas, a Latin noun for the spirit of community having significance in cultural anthropology and the social sciences.
Community television, television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, terms introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish community from society
Group dynamics, the field of study within the social sciences that focuses on the nature of groups
Small-group communication, communication in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
Socialization, the process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in which they live
Collectivism, a school of thought, antithetical to Individualism, in which the collective takes precedence over the individual
Organizational learning, an area of knowledge that looks at how an organization learns and adapts

Terms

Affinity (sociology), in terms of sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other interpersonal commonalities
Cenobitic, a monastic tradition that stresses community life as opposed to eremitic — like a hermit.
Collective, a group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective
Consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
Emergence, complex pattern formation from simpler rules
Group (sociology), a collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common identity
Liminality, a period of transition related to initiation, rite of passage or other entry into a group
Meeting, two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way
Organization, a formal group of people with one or more shared goals
Plenary session, the part of a meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance
Solidarity (sociology), the feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members

Virtual community

Internet culture

Virtual community, a group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:

Bulletin board system
Chat room, an online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)
Computer-mediated communication
Discourse community
Electronic mailing list, a special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users
Internet activism
Internet forum
Internet social network
Massively distributed collaboration
Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities
Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
Network of practice
Online deliberation
Social network
Social evolutionary computation
The Virtual Community
Usenet, a distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name
Virtual Community of Practice
Virtual Ethnography
Virtual reality
Web community
Web of trust
Wireless community projects, the development of interlinked computer networks
World Wide Web, a global, read-write information space

Community institutions

Community college, an educational institution providing post-secondary education
Community foundations, institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants
Community (trade union), a trade union in the UK
Community Bank, a locally owned and operated financial institution

Actual communities

communities:

Lists of communities, co-ops, etc.:

Lists of virtual communities:

The world community:

Note to dialup users: the following lists are massive

List of countries, a comprehensive list of countries of the world
List of subnational entities, a comprehensive list of subnational entities, (states, provinces, communities, etc)

Online communities

Craigslist: a centralized network of online urban communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics

The WELL or The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link is one of the oldest ongoing virtual communities. It is best known for the authors, technologists and journalists who congregate there, and for the deep sense of community and continuity provided by its Internet forums. The discussion topics on the WELL range from the deeply serious to the generally silly, depending on the nature and interests of the participants.

Other uses of the term "community"

CommUnity, an esoteric programming language
Community: A NewOrderOnline Tribute, a tribute album (music recording)
Biological community, all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat