At Duke University, the title of James B. Duke Professor is given to a small number of the faculty with extraordinary records of achievement. At some universities, titles like "Distinguished Professor," "Institute Professor," or "Regents Professor" are counterparts of this title

Some current James B. Duke Professors

• Joseph Heitman — Fungal pathogenesis
• David Aers - English and Historical Theology
• Peter Agre — cell biology
• Allen Buchanan — public policy
• Victor Dzau — medicine
• Craufurd Goodwin — economics
• Owen Flanagan — philosophy
• Donald L. Horowitz — law and political science
• Jerry Hough — political science
• Allen C. Kelley — economics
• Paul L. Modrich — biochemistry
• Reynolds Price — English literature
• J. E. R. Staddon — psychology
• Toril Moi — literature
• Dan Ariely — behavioral economics

James B. Duke Professors Emeriti

• Ralph J. Braibanti — political science
• Louis J. Budd — English literature
• John Hope Franklin — history
• Robert Keohane — political science
• Orrin H. Pilkey — Earth sciences
• Knut Schmidt-Nielsen — biology