Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 1891-1968, American newspaper publisher, b. New York City. He joined the New York Times in 1918 and assisted his father-in-law, the publisher Adolph S. Ochs, succeeding Ochs upon his death in 1935. Sulzberger broadened the Times's use of background reporting, pictures, and feature articles, and expanded its sections. He supervised the development of facsimile transmission for photographs and built the Times radio station, WQXR, into a leading vehicle for news and music. Under Sulzberger the Times began to publish editions in Paris and Los Angeles with remote-control typesetting machines. In 1961 he turned the paper's management over to a son-in-law, while remaining chairman of the board. In 1963, his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, 1926-, b. New York City, took over as publisher and president after extensive newspaper experience on local news desks and in foreign bureaus. In 1964 he consolidated the operations of the daily and Sunday editions, which had been separate. In 1987, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., 1951-, b. Mt. Kisco, N.Y., was named deputy publisher; in 1992 he became publisher while his father continued as chief executive officer and chairman, posts held since 1979. In 1997 the elder Sulzberger retired as chairman and chief executive, and his son assumed corporate leadership.

Hays, Will H., 1879-1954, American politician and motion-picture executive, b. Sullivan, Ind.; his original name was William Harrison Hays. Hays became active in Indiana political affairs, was chairman of the Republican state committee, and served (1918-21) as chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was (1921-22) Postmaster General under President Harding. As president (1922-45) of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, he administered the motion-picture moral code (popularly called the "Hays Code"), which was promulgated (1934) by agreement of the leading men of the industry.

Hays, Arthur Garfield, 1881-1954, American lawyer, b. Rochester, N.Y. He was admitted (1905) to the bar and practiced in New York City. He was active in many cases concerned with civil liberties; he distinguished himself as a defense attorney in the Scopes Case (1925) in Tennessee and in the Sacco-Vanzetti Case (1927). He was counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union and conducted (1937) the investigation of civil liberties in Puerto Rico. He wrote Let Freedom Ring (1928, rev. ed. 1937), Democracy Works (1939), and an autobiography (1942).

Hays, city (1990 pop. 17,767), seat of Ellis co., W central Kans.; inc. 1885. It is a rail, trade, and medical center in a grain, cattle, and oil area. Manufactures include electronic equipment, plastics, feeds, medical supplies, aircraft, and motorcycles. Fort Hays was established (1865) 14 mi (23 km) southeast of the city, on a stagecoach road to Denver. The fort was abandoned in 1889 and the land turned over to the state with the understanding that it be used for a school, an agricultural experiment station, and a state park. The school has grown into Fort Hays Kansas State Univ.; the agricultural experiment station (laid out 1901) is one of the world's largest; and Frontier Historical Park, a state historic site, contains the fort's surviving buildings.