a crew of shearers working in a particular woolshed.
c.
sheep about to be sheared.
18.
Obsolete. the edge, border, or side of anything.
–verb (used with object)
19.
to cover or close with boards (often fol. by up or over): to board up a house; to board over a well.
20.
to furnish with meals, or with meals and lodging, esp. for pay: They boarded him for $50 a week.
21.
to go on board of or enter (a ship, train, etc.).
22.
to allow on board: We will be boarding passengers in approximately ten minutes.
23.
to come up alongside (a ship), as to attack or to go on board: The pirate ship boarded the clipper.
24.
Obsolete. to approach; accost.
–verb (used without object)
25.
to take one's meals, or be supplied with food and lodging at a fixed price: Several of us board at the same rooming house.
26.
Ice Hockey. to hit an opposing player with a board check.
—Idioms
27.
across the board,
a.
Racing. betting on a horse or dog to finish first, second, or third, so that any result where a selection wins, places, or shows enables the bettor to collect.
b.
applying to or affecting every person, class, group, etc.
28.
go by the board,
a.
to go over the ship's side.
b.
to be destroyed, neglected, or forgotten: All his devoted labor went by the board.
29.
on board,
a.
on or in a ship, plane, or other vehicle: There were several movie stars on board traveling incognito.
b.
Baseball. on base: There were two men on board as the next batter came up.
c.
present and functioning as a member of a team or organization.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans., case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954. Linda Brown was denied admission to her local elementary school in Topeka because she was black. When, combined with several other cases, her suit reached the Supreme Court, that body, in an opinion by recently appointed Chief Justice Earl Warren, broke with long tradition and unanimously overruled the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson, holding for the first time that de jure segregation in the public schools violated the principle of equal protection under the law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Responding to legal and sociological arguments presented by NAACP lawyers led by Thurgood Marshall, the court stressed that the "badge of inferiority" stamped on minority children by segregation hindered their full development no matter how "equal" physical facilities might be. After hearing further arguments on implementation, the court declared in 1955 that schools must be desegregated "with all deliberate speed."
Restricted in application to de jure (legally imposed) segregation, the Brown rule was applied mainly to Southern school systems. After strong resistance, which led to such incidents as the 1957 Little Rock, Ark., school crisis, integration spread slowly across the South, under court orders and the threat of loss of federal funds for noncompliance. The Brown decision gave tremendous impetus to the civil-rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, and hastened integration in public facilities and accommodations. Segregation maintained by more subtle and intractable forces, however, has remained an important element in American society. De facto school segregation, caused by residential housing patterns and various other conditions rather than by law, has been attacked by the busing of students and other mechanisms. The landmark decision is commemorated by the Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site in Topeka (see National Parks and Monuments, table).
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