SHARP - 6 reference results
Sharp, William, pseud. Fiona Macleod, 1855-1905, Scottish poet and man of letters. Under his own name he wrote literary biographies; poems, including the volume Earth's Voices (1884); and novels, notably Silence Farm (1899). With his wife he compiled the anthology Lyra Celtica (1896). Under the name Fiona Macleod, supposedly a talented Celtic lady, Sharp wrote his best novels and poems, including Pharais (1894), The Mountain Lovers (1895), and The Washer of the Ford (1896), as well as two plays, The House of Usna (1903) and The Immortal Hour (1908). Delicate and romantic, these works treat life in Scotland, evoking a haunting, almost supernatural atmosphere.
See biography by F. Alaya (1970).
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Sharp, Phillip Allen, 1944-, American geneticist, b. Falmouth, Ky., Ph.D., Univ. of Illinois, 1969. Sharp joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974, where he has spent his entire career; in 1993 he and Richard J. Roberts received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery of "split genes." Using the adenovirus, which causes the common cold, as their experimental model system, the two independently discovered that a single gene could be present in DNA as several discontinuous segments, separated by "nonsense" segments. In the expression of genetic information, these irrelevant segments are edited out and the remaining material is spliced, yielding the final genetic message. The genetic makeup of the adenovirus is similar to that of higher organisms, and other researchers went on to show that split genes are common in such organisms, including humans.
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Sharp, James, 1613-79, Scottish prelate. As a Presbyterian minister, Sharp became (1650) a leader of the moderate wing of the Scottish church called the Resolutioners. He was captured (1651) by Oliver Cromwell's forces and imprisoned until 1652. Sent (1657) to London to represent the interests of the Resolutioners, Sharp became involved with George Monck in his schemes for the restoration of the monarchy and secretly shifted his loyalties to the restoration of episcopacy in Scotland. After the Restoration of Charles II he was appointed (1661) archbishop of St. Andrews and primate of Scotland and thereupon embarked on a policy of severe repression of the principles of the Covenanters. He was murdered by a group of Covenanters on Magus Moor. In Scottish history Sharp is usually pictured as a hated figure.
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Sharp, Granville, 1735-1813, English reformer, scholar, and abolitionist. In 1772 he won a case establishing the principle that any slave would become free upon reaching British land. Sharp continued his abolitionist activities, notably the promotion of a colony of former slaves in Sierra Leone, which was unsuccessful. In 1776 he began agitation against the impressment of seamen. Later he founded a Bible society. Self-taught in Greek and Hebrew, he was noted for his studies in biblical texts. He also wrote many pamphlets on political questions.
See Prince Hoare, Memoirs of Granville Sharp (1820, 2d ed. 1828); study by E. C. P. Lascelles (1928, repr. 1969).
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Sharp, Cecil James, 1859-1924, English musician, best known for his researches in English folk music. In 1911 he founded the English Folk Dance Society. In the United States he collected (1914-18) folk songs in the Appalachian Mts., where he found many songs of English origin. His numerous anthologies include English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachian Mountains (with O.D. Campbell, 1917; 3d ed. by Maud Karpeles, 1960) and American-English Folk Songs (1918). He wrote English Folk Song: Some Conclusions (1907, 4th ed. 1965) and, with A. P. Oppé, The Dance: An Historical Survey of Dancing in Europe (1924).
See biography by A. H. Fox Strangways and M. Karpeles (rev. ed. 1967).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press
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