HOLLAND - 17 reference results
William, count of Holland, 1227?-1256, German king (1254-56), previously rival king (1247-54) to Conrad IV. William was chosen by Pope Innocent IV to succeed Henry Raspe (d. 1247) as antiking to Conrad IV during the conflict between Innocent and Conrad's father, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Although William was recognized as king by most of the German princes after Conrad's death (1254), his rule was only nominal and was never unchallenged. His major support came from the Rhenish towns. He was killed fighting the Frisians.
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South Holland, Dutch Zuidholland, province (1994 pop. 3,313,200), c.1,085 sq mi (2,810 sq km), W Netherlands, bounded by the North Sea in the west. The Hague is the capital; other cities include Rotterdam, Dordrecht, Leiden, Delft, Schiedam, and Gouda. A fertile lowland, protected by dunes and dikes along the coast, its physical geography is similar to that of North Holland, with which it was united until 1840 as Holland. In 1953 a flood seriously damaged the province's soil.
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South Holland, village (1990 pop. 22,105), Cook co., NE Ill., a suburb of Chicago; settled 1846 by Dutch, inc. 1894.
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Smith, Holland McTyeire, 1882-1967, American general, b. Seale, Ala. He was commissioned in the marines in 1905 and served in France in World War I. In World War II, Smith pioneered in developing amphibious tactics. He commanded troops in actions in the Gilbert, Marshall, and Mariana islands and at Iwo Jima. He commanded the Fleet Marine Force in the Pacific (1944-45) and retired (1946) from the marines as a general. He wrote Coral and Brass (1949).
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Parts of Holland: see Lincolnshire.
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North Holland, Dutch Noordholland, province (1994 pop. 2,457,300), c.1,080 sq mi (2,800 sq km), NW Netherlands, a peninsula between the North Sea in the west and the IJsselmeer in the east. The province includes several of the West Frisian islands. Haarlem is the capital; other cities include Amsterdam, Hilversum, IJmuiden, Den Helder, and Zaandam. North Holland largely comprises low-lying fenland. It is drained by numerous small rivers and canals and is protected by dikes. There are many picturesque drawbridges, windmills, and tulip fields. Manufacturing is central to the province's economy. Agriculture, cattle raising, flower growing, cheese production, fishing, and foreign trade are also important sources of revenue. For the history of the province, see Holland. x
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Hook of Holland: see Hoek van Holland.
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Holland, Philemon, 1552-1637, English translator and scholar. Educated at Cambridge, he became director of the free school in Coventry, where he also practiced medicine. He was the first English translator of Livy and Septonius, of Plutarch's Morals and Pliny's Natural History, and of Ammianus Marcellinus.
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Holland, Parts of: see Lincolnshire.
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Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, 3d Baron, 1773-1840, British politician, nephew of Charles James Fox. He was a member of the Whig opposition party from 1797 and served as lord privy seal in the coalition ministry of 1806-7. An opponent of the Act of Union with Ireland (1801), he continually advocated its repeal, at the same time working for Catholic Emancipation. Although a loyal and active member he was never personally powerful in the Whig party. When the Whigs returned to power, he served as the chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster (1830-34, 1835-40). Lord Holland is, perhaps, best known for his influence on literature, politics, and letters through the hospitality that Holland House in London provided for the brilliant and distinguished people of his day. His son, the 4th baron, edited Holland's Foreign Reminiscences (1850) and Memoirs of the Whig Party (1852).
See L. Mitchell Holland House (1980).
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Holland Land Company, Dutch enterprise active in the settlement of much of W New York and some of NW Pennsylvania. Organized by Dutch bankers in 1796, it secured lands in New York (known as the Holland Purchase) from Robert Morris, who had assembled them as part of a gigantic land speculation. The company developed its holdings, planned town sites, and sold the lands on liberal terms directly to settlers. Its main land office was opened (1801) in Batavia, N.Y. About 1846 the affairs of the company in the United States were liquidated.
See studies by P. D. Evans (1924) and W. Chazanof (1970).
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Holland House, residence of the Holland family in Kensington, London, made famous in the first 40 years of the 19th cent. by the hospitality of Henry Fox, 3d Baron Holland, and his wife. Built in 1606, the mansion was bought in 1767 by Henry Fox, grandfather of the 3d baron. Holland House was an intellectual headquarters for English liberals and other distinguished men. Reformers such as Jeremy Bentham, Samuel Romilly, and Henry Brougham, scientists such as Michael Faraday and Humphry Davy, writers such as Thomas Moore, George Byron, and Sir Walter Scott, and statesmen such as William Melbourne, George Canning, and Henry Palmerston were frequent guests at the famous dinners at Holland House.
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Holland, former county of the Holy Roman Empire and, from 1579 to 1795, chief member of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Its name is popularly applied to the entire Netherlands. Holland has been divided since 1840 into two provinces, North Holland and South Holland. The county was created in the early 10th cent. and originally controlled not only present North and South Holland, but also Zeeland and part of medieval Friesland. William II was elected (1247) German king, but was unable to exert his authority; he died (1255) in a campaign against the independence-minded West Frisians. In 1299, John of Avesnes, count of Hainaut, seized Holland, which came (1345) into the hands of the Bavarian house of Wittelsbach through marriage. The house of Wittelsbach retained possession of Holland until 1433, when Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, wrested it from Jacqueline (or Jacoba), countess of Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland, and Friesland. In the civil strife that accompanied this event the party of the Kabeljauws [codfish], representing the cities, fought the Hoeks [fish hooks], the nobles who supported Jacqueline. The Hoeks again rebelled when Archduke Maximilian (later Emperor Maximilian I) assumed the guardianship over the Netherlands after the death (1482) of Mary of Burgundy; their fleet was annihilated and their leaders executed in 1490. The cloth industry and commerce of Holland, though they developed later than those of Flanders and Brabant, began to rival those of Bruges and Antwerp in the 15th cent. The ports of Holland were closely linked with the Hanseatic League and later became, after the Netherlands had gained independence, major entrepôts and shipbuilding centers. Holland led in the struggle (16th-17th cent.) for Dutch independence, and because it dominated the States-General, its history became virtually identical with that of the Netherlands.
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Holland, city (1990 pop. 30,745), Allegan and Ottawa counties, SW Mich., near Lake Michigan, on Lake Macatawa, in a dairy and poultry area; founded 1847 by Dutch settlers, inc. 1867. Furnaces have been made there since 1906. Other products include food and beverages, machinery, metal products, electronic equipment, wastewater treatment equipment, furniture, delftware, chemicals, and boats. Tulip growing is an important industry, and the city's many Dutch descendants hold a week-long tulip festival each spring. Points of interest include a replica of a 19th-century Dutch village and an operating windmill. The Dutch Reformed Church operates Hope College and Western Theological Seminary. A Coast Guard station is on Lake Macatawa, and Holland State Park is nearby. The city is a popular summer resort.
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Hoek van Holland or Hook of Holland, district of Rotterdam, W Netherlands, on the North Sea. It is an outer port of Rotterdam, with which it is connected by the New Waterway. It is a terminus for ships that cross the English Channel from Harwich, England.
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Historic region, The Netherlands, occupying the northwestern portion of the modern country. It originated in the early 12th century as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1299 Holland was united with Hainaut. Members of the house of Wittelsbach served as counts of Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut until 1433, when they ceded the h1s to Philip III (the Good), duke of Burgundy. It passed to the Habsburgs in 1482 and became a centre of the revolt against Spain in 1572. Holland and six other northern Netherlands provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579, proclaiming the United Provinces of the Netherlands. Its capital, Amsterdam, became Europe's foremost commercial centre in the 18th century. The Napoleonic kingdom of Holland occupied the territory (1806–10). In 1840 it was divided into the provinces of North Holland and South Holland.
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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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