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Endolymph
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.

It is also called Scarpa's fluid, after Antonio Scarpa.

Composition

The main cation of this unique extracellular fluid is potassium, which is secreted from the stria vascularis. The high potassium content of the endolymph means that potassium, not sodium, is carried as the depolarizing electrical current in the hair cells. This is known as the mechano-electric transduction (MET) current.

Endolymph has a high positive charge (from 80-120 mV in the cochlea), mainly due to the presence of positively-charged amino acids. It is mainly this electrical gradient that allows potassium ions to flow into the negatively-charged hair cells during mechanical stimulation of the hair bundle. Because the hair cells are at a negative potential of about -50 mV, the electrical gradient from endolymph to hair cell is on the order of 150 mV, which is the largest electrical potential found in the body.

Pathology

Disruption of the endolymph due to jerky movements (like spinning around or driving over bumps while riding in a car) can cause motion sickness. A condition where the volume of the endolymph is greatly enlarged is called endolymphatic hydrops and has been linked to Ménière's disease.

See also

Additional images

References

External links

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Last updated on Saturday October 11, 2008 at 09:44:42 PDT (GMT -0700)
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Endolymphatic at Amazon
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Endolymphatic Shunt
Jan 01, 2004; Endolymphatic shunt Definition An endolymphatic shunt is a surgical procedure in which a very small silicone tube is placed in...
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Composition of the Endolymphatic Sac Luminal Fluid in a Patient With Mondini Dysplasia
Feb 01, 2008; Objectives: We determined the chemical composition of the human endolymphatic sac luminal fluid in a patient with Mondini...
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IN VIVO VISUALIZATION OF ENDOLYMPHATIC HYDROPS IN GUINEA PIGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING EVALUATION AT 4.7 TESLA
Dec 01, 2003; In order to find out whether it is possible to visualize experimental endolymphatic hydrops in the cochlea with magnetic...
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Obstructing lesions of the endolymphatic sac and duct mimicking Meniere's disease.
Nov 01, 2004; Abstract In this retrospective case series and literature review, we demonstrate that temporal bone lesions that obstruct the...
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New endolymphatic hydrop study findings have been reported from Nagoya University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.
May 06, 2009; A report, 'Grading of endolymphatic hydrops using magnetic resonance imaging,' is newly published data in Acta Oto-laryngologica...
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