CLARENCE - 28 reference results
White, Clarence Cameron, 1880-1960, American composer and violinist, b. Clarksville, Tenn., studied at the Oberlin Conservatory and in Europe. In addition to activities as violinist and teacher in Boston (1912-23) and New York City, he was director of music at West Virginia State College (1924-30) and at Hampton Institute (1932-35). His compositions for the violin include Bandanna Sketches and arrangements of spirituals, and he also wrote an opera Ouanga (1932), based on Haitian history.
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Thomas, Clarence, 1948-, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1991-), b. Pin Point (Savannah), Ga. Raised in a poor family, he graduated (1974) from the Yale Law School and became a prominent black conservative active in Republican causes. He chaired the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1982-90) during the Reagan and Bush administrations, and attempted there to modify the application of federal affirmative action guidelines. In 1990 he was appointed a judge on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In July, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Thomas to the Supreme Court, to replace Thurgood Marshall. In Oct., 1991, when approval was all but assured, the Senate Judiciary Committee reopened confirmation hearings to examine charges by Anita Hill, a Univ. of Oklahoma law professor, that Thomas had subjected her to sexual harassment while she was an EEOC employee in the 1980s. Testimony and debate on the charges, followed by a nationwide television audience and revealing deep divisions among the public, did not in the end change the committee's recommendation for approval, and Thomas was confirmed by a full Senate vote of 52 to 48. Taking his seat, he aligned himself with Antonin Scalia, forming the Court's most conservative grouping.
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Stein, Clarence, 1882-1975, American architect, b. New York City, studied architecture at Columbia Univ. and the École des Beaux-Arts. Stein worked in the office of Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, where he assisted in the planning of the San Diego World's Fair (1915). Along with Lewis Mumford and Henry Wright, Stein was a founding member of the Regional Planning Association of America, a group instrumental in importing Ebenezer Howard's garden city idea from England to the United States. Stein and Wright collaborated on the design of Radburn, New Jersey (1928-32), a garden suburb noted for its superblock layout. Stein wrote Toward New Towns for America (1951).
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Stedman, Edmund Clarence, 1833-1908, American banker, poet, and critic, b. Hartford, Conn., attended Yale. A successful Wall St. broker, he was also one of the leading poets of his time although his somewhat derivative poetry, similar to Tennyson's in style, is little read today. As critic he wrote his most significant works, Victorian Poets (1876) and The Poets of America (1885); he compiled the excellent collections A Victorian Anthology (1895) and An American Anthology (1900).
See his Poems (1908).
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Menen, Aubrey Clarence, 1912-89, English novelist, b. London. The son of an Indian father and an Irish mother, he was a drama critic, theater director, and advertising agency executive. Menen was primarily a satirist, and his novels were aimed more at amusing than reforming. His The Abode of Love (1956) attacks hypocrisy by depicting a harem in Victorian London. His other works include A Prevalence of Witches (1948), Dead Man in the Silver Market (1953), The Mystics (1974), and Art and Money (1980).
See his autobiography, The Space within the Heart (1970).
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Mangan, James Clarence, 1803-49, Irish poet. He spent most of his life as a clerk, eventually slipping into alcoholism and opium addiction. His reputation rests on his English renderings of Gaelic poems, such as the excellent "Dark Rosaleen."
See study by J. Joyce (1930).
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Lewis, Clarence Irving, 1883-1964, American philosopher, b. Stoneham, Mass., grad. Harvard (B.A., 1906; Ph.D., 1910). After teaching (1911-20) at the Univ. of California, he was professor of philosophy at Harvard from 1920 to 1953, when he became professor emeritus. Lewis's importance as a philosopher lies in his combination of symbolic logic with an essentially pragmatic epistemology. After studying logic under Josiah Royce, he developed his own system of symbolic logic in opposition to the Principia Mathematica of Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead. However, he soon began investigations in the field of epistemology. In his main work, Mind and the World-Order (1929), he developed a position according to which the choice between logical (and thus philosophical) systems must be based on pragmatic grounds. His other works include A Survey of Symbolic Logic (1918), Symbolic Logic (with C. H. Langford, 1932), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation (1946), Our Social Inheritance (1957), and The Ground and Nature of the Right (1955).
See his Collected Papers, ed. by J. D. Goheen and J. L. Mothershead (1970); J. R. Saydah, The Ethical Theory of Clarence Irving Lewis (1969).
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King, Clarence, 1842-1901, American geologist, b. Newport, R.I., grad. Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, 1862. After serving as a volunteer assistant in the California state geological survey (1863-65, 1866), he persuaded Congress to appropriate funds for the Fortieth Parallel Survey (1867-72), of which he was made geologist in charge. For the survey's reports he wrote the geological sections of J. D. Hague's Mining Industry (1870), a classic in economic geology, and Systematic Geology (1878), a reconstruction of the geologic history of the Cordilleran region. He also exposed the great diamond hoax of 1872, determining that the mine had been salted. King was appointed (1879) director of the newly created U.S. Geological Survey, which he organized; in 1881 he retired to private practice as a mining engineer. His often fabulous Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada (1872) is occasionally fable.
See biographies by T. Wilkins (1958) and R. Wilson (2006).
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Judd, Donald Clarence, 1928-94, American artist, b. Excelsior Springs, Mo. His sculpture, allied with the minimalist school of the late 1960s (see minimalism; modern art), has the appearance of industrial fabrication. He used rectangular forms fashioned from painted wood, polychrome, or steel in equally spaced, repeated units. The artist eschewed any relationship to the larger world in his works, preferring to leave them untitled. Examples of his work are in the Whitney Museum, New York City and many other public institutions. In the 1970s, Judd acquired a number of massive buildings and tracts of land in Marfa, Tex., where he established the Chinati Foundation, which exhibits his own works and those of other minimalists, as well as related art.
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Howe, Clarence Decatur, 1886-1960, Canadian civil engineer and cabinet minister, b. Waltham, Mass. He went to Canada in 1908 as professor of civil engineering at Dalhousie Univ. He founded (1916) an engineering firm that became internationally famous for its design and construction of grain elevators. He entered the Canadian House of Commons as a Liberal in 1935 and was at once invited by Mackenzie King to join the cabinet as minister of railways and canals and minister of marine. He merged the two agencies into the ministry of transport in 1936 and thereafter devoted himself to the development of air transportation, founding and organizing the Trans-Canada Air Lines. Soon after the outbreak of World War II, he was appointed (1940) minister of munitions and supply and in 1944 accepted concurrent appointment as minister of reconstruction. He became minister of trade and commerce in 1948. In 1957 he resigned the post when the Liberal party was defeated. From 1957 until his death he was chancellor of Dalhousie Univ.
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Dykstra, Clarence Addison, 1883-1950, American educator and civic administrator, b. Cleveland, grad. Univ. of Iowa, 1903. After graduate work at the Univ. of Chicago, he taught in Pensacola, Fla., was instructor in history and government at Ohio State Univ. (1907-9) and professor of political science at the Univ. of Kansas (1909-18). From 1918 to 1920 he served as executive secretary of the Cleveland Civic League. He later held similar positions in Chicago and Los Angeles. He was also commissioner of water and power in Los Angeles (1923-26) and professor of municipal administration at the Univ. of California at Los Angeles (1923-29). Dykstra was city manager of Cincinnati from 1930 until 1937, when he resigned to become president of the Univ. of Wisconsin. In 1945 he resigned from the Wisconsin presidency to become provost of the Univ. of California at Los Angeles. He served on several government committees.
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Dutton, Clarence Edward, 1841-1912, American geologist, b. Wallingford, Conn., grad. Yale, 1860. After service in the army during and after the Civil War, he was a member (1875-91) of the U.S. Geological Survey. Working chiefly in the Rocky Mts. region, he wrote several papers, including geological studies of the high plateaus of Utah (1879-80), the Tertiary history of the Grand Canyon district (1882), and an authoritative report (1890) on the Charleston earthquake of 1886. As head of the division of volcanic geology for the survey, he studied volcanism in Hawaii, California, and Oregon. Dutton originated the theory of isostasy (see continents), stating that the general equilibrium in the crust of the earth is maintained by the flow or yielding of the rock beneath it (now known as the mantle) under gravitational stress. His writings include Earthquakes in the Light of the New Seismology (1904).
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Dillon, Clarence Douglas, 1909-2003, U.S. secretary of the treasury (1961-65), b. Geneva, Switzerland (of American parents). After graduation (1931) from Harvard he became a member of the New York Stock Exchange and joined the family investment firm, becoming its chairman in 1946. Dillon became active in Republican politics and in 1953 was appointed ambassador to France. In 1958 he was appointed under secretary of state for economic affairs and strongly advocated free trade and close cooperation with the European Economic Community (or Common Market, now the European Union). Despite Dillon's support of the Republican presidential candidate in 1960, President Kennedy chose him as secretary of the treasury. Dillon's policies included an overhaul of U.S. foreign trade policy. Retiring (1965) from public life, he returned to the world of finance. Dillon was later (1977-83) chairman of the board of trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
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Day, Clarence Shepard, 1874-1935, American essayist, b. New York City, grad. Yale, 1896. His biographical sketches of his parents, God and My Father (1932), Life with Father (1935), and Life with Mother (1937), won him popular recognition; incidents from these three books were used by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse for the play Life with Father (1939), which was one of the longest-running plays in Broadway history. Day's other works include essays, This Simian World (1920), and a collection of light verse and drawings, Scenes from the Mesozoic (1935).
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Darrow, Clarence Seward, 1857-1938, American lawyer, b. Kinsman, Ohio. He first practiced law in Ashtabula, Ohio. In 1887 he moved to Chicago, where he was corporation counsel for several years and conducted the cases that the city brought to reduce transit rates. Later, as general counsel for the Chicago and Northwestern RR, he resigned (1894) to defend Eugene V. Debs and others in connection with the Pullman strike. The defense was unsuccessful. Darrow soon renounced his lucrative practice to defend the "underdog." A staunch opponent of capital punishment, he exerted his tremendous courtroom skill in behalf of those charged with murder; none of his murder trial clients was ever sentenced to death, although he failed to win a reprieve (1894) for Robert Prendergast, who had already been convicted of murdering Chicago Mayor Carter Harrison before Darrow took his case. Darrow procured, in 1906, the acquittal of William D. Haywood and his associates on the charge of murdering former Governor Steunenberg of Idaho. He offended many socialists (with whom he had been popularly identified) by introducing a plea of guilty in his defense of the McNamara brothers in the Los Angeles Times dynamiting case (1911). Darrow was himself tried for allegedly bribing a juror in the trial, but he was acquitted. In the Chicago "thrill" murder trial (1924) of Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb he saved the defendants from execution by a plea of temporary insanity. Long an agnostic, Darrow fought fundamentalist religious tenets in the Scopes evolution case (1925; see Scopes trial). Pitted against William Jennings Bryan, he defended without success a schoolteacher charged with violating a Tennessee statute prohibiting teaching that man descended from other forms of life. Many felt, nevertheless, that Darrow's examination of Bryan on the witness stand did much to discredit fundamentalist interpretation of the Bible. Among Darrow's books are a novel, Farmington (1904); Crime: Its Cause and Treatment (1922); and Attorney for the Damned, a collection of his defense summations, ed. by Arthur Weinberg (1957).
See his autobiography (1932); biographies by I. Stone (1941, repr. 1971) and M. Gurko (1965).
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Clarence, Lionel, duke of, 1338-68, third son of Edward III of England. His marriage (1352) to Elizabeth de Burgh gained him the title and lands of the earl of Ulster. Governor of Ireland from 1361 to 1367, he presided (1366) at the assembly where the notorious Statute of Kilkenny was adopted, forbidding marriage between the English settlers and the Irish. Clarence died soon after his later marriage to Violante Visconti. His daughter, Philippa, married Edmund Mortimer, 3d earl of March. Their granddaughter, Anne Mortimer, married Richard, earl of Cambridge, and their son, Richard, duke of York, derived his claim to the throne through his descent from Lionel.
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Clarence, George, duke of, 1449-78, son of Richard, duke of York, and brother of Edward IV. In defiance of Edward, Clarence married Isabel Neville and joined her father, Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, in rebellion against the king in 1469-70. He deserted that party in 1471, however, and was reconciled with Edward. In 1478, exasperated by Clarence's continued factiousness, Edward had him attainted for treason by Parliament. He was sent to the Tower of London, where he was secretly executed. It was rumored that he was drowned in a butt of malmsey wine.
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Birdseye, Clarence, 1886-1956, American inventor and founder of the frozen food industry, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., studied at Amherst College. In 1912 he went to Labrador on a fur-trading expedition and when he returned to the United States in 1916 began experimenting with freezing foods, aiming at commercial application. He developed a method for freezing fish and in 1924 he was one of the founders of the General Foods Company, which began manufacturing various frozen food products. In 1929 the company was bought by the Postum Company (later the General Foods Corp.) for $22 million. By 1949, Birdseye had perfected the anhydrous freezing process, reducing the time needed for the operation from 18 hr to 11/2 hr.
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Beeby, Clarence Edward, 1902-92, New Zealand educator, b. Leeds, England. After studying at the universities of New Zealand, London, and Manchester, Beeby taught at the Univ. of New Zealand from 1923 until 1934. In 1934 he became director of the New Zealand Council for Educational Research; from 1940 until 1960 he served as Director of Education and undertook a comprehensive program of reform. He was New Zealand's ambassador to France from 1960 to 1963, while also serving on the Executive Board of UNESCO. He subsequently was a research fellow at Harvard and a visiting professor at the Univ. of London before returning to New Zealand in 1968. His main area of interest was education in East Asia. His writings include The Quality of Education in Developing Countries (1966) and The Biography of an Idea: Beeby on Education (1992).
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Barron, Clarence Walker, 1855-1928, American financial editor, b. Boston. He worked on the Boston Daily News, then on the Evening Transcript, and in 1887 founded the Boston News Bureau, to supply financial news to brokers. In 1897 he founded the Philadelphia News Bureau and in 1901 became publisher of the Wall Street Journal. Barron's Financial Weekly was founded by him in 1921. His notes of conversations with leading financiers, edited by Arthur Pound and S. T. Moore, are published as They Told Barron (1930) and More They Told Barron (1931).
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Alvord, Clarence Walworth, 1868-1928, American historian, b. Greenfield, Mass. He became (1901) an instructor in history at the Univ. of Illinois (Ph.D., 1908) and was full professor there (1913-20) and at the Univ. of Minnesota (1920-23). Alvord was general editor (1906-20) of the Illinois Historical Collections, and he edited the Centennial History of Illinois (6 vol., 1918-24) and wrote its first volume. The principal founder of The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Alvord served as its managing editor (1914-23). He also wrote The Mississippi Valley in British Politics (1917, repr. 1959).
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(born June 23, 1948, Pinpoint, near Savannah, Ga., U.S.) U.S. jurist. He graduated from Yale Law School and served as assistant attorney general in Missouri (1974–77), lawyer for Monsanto Co. (1977–79), legislative assistant to Sen. John Danforth (1979–81), assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of Education (1981–82), and chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) (1982–90). Pres. George Bush appointed him to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1990 and then to the Supreme Court of the United States; he thereby became the second African American justice on the court, after Thurgood Marshall. His 1991 confirmation hearings attracted enormous public interest and media attention, largely because of accusations of sexual harassment by Anita Hill, a law professor and former colleague of Thomas at the EEOC. Thomas denied the charges, and the Senate narrowly voted to confirm him. A quiet presence on the court, he generally follows a predictable pattern in his opinions—conservative, restrained, and suspicious of the reach of the federal government into the realm of state and local politics.
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(born July 28, 1909, Birkhead, Cheshire, Eng.—died June 27, 1957, Ripe, Sussex) British novelist, short-story writer, and poet. In his youth Lowry rebelled against his conventional upbringing and shipped to China as a cabin boy; he later lived in France, the U.S., Mexico, Canada, and Italy. His reputation rests on the novel Under the Volcano (1947), about the last desperate day of a dispirited alcoholic and former British consul in Mexico. Its juxtaposition of images of social decay and self-destructiveness was seen as a symbolic vision of Europe on the verge of World War II. Though critically praised, it received popular recognition only after Lowry's death at age 47, probably the result of alcoholism.
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(born April 12, 1883, Stoneham, Mass., U.S.—died Feb. 3, 1964, Cambridge, Mass.) U.S. philosopher. He taught primarily at Harvard University (1920–53). His best-known works are Mind and the World Order (1929), Symbolic Logic (1932), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation (1947), and The Ground and Nature of the Right (1955). He maintained that knowledge is possible only where there is also a possibility of error. His position in epistemology represents a synthesis of empiricism and pragmatism.
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(born June 3, 1928, Excelsior Springs, Mo., U.S.—died Feb. 12, 1994, New York, N.Y.) U.S. sculptor. He studied at Columbia University and the Art Students League. He had his first one-man exhibition in 1957. In 1959 he began writing reviews for Art News and Arts Magazine. In 1960–62 he made the transition from painting to sculpture and became a leading exponent of Minimalism. Much of his work consists of simple cubes or other geometric units that stand on the floor or are cantilevered from the wall, often in stacks or horizontal progressions. His materials included painted steel, Plexiglas, iron, wood, and concrete. In the 1970s he began to fill the land around his studio in Marfa, Texas, with large-scale sculptures; this area is now a museum.
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Clarence Darrow, 1924.
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(born Dec. 9, 1886, New York, N.Y., U.S.—died Oct. 7, 1956, New York) U.S. businessman and inventor. He developed a highly efficient process for freezing foods in small packages suitable for retailing. He achieved rapid freezing by placing packaged food, including fish, fruits, and vegetables, between two refrigerated metal plates. Though his were not the first frozen foods, his process largely preserved the original taste of the food. In 1929 his company was bought by Postum, Inc., which later became General Foods Corp. Birdseye served as a corporate executive until 1938.
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