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CHEVALIER - 9 reference results
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Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de, 1744-1829, French naturalist. He is noted for his study and classification of invertebrates and for his introduction of evolutionary theories. After varied careers he turned his attention to botany, and recognition of his skill followed upon publication of Flore françoise (3 vol., 1778). He was elected to the Academy of Sciences, and, aided by Buffon, he traveled over Europe, under the title of royal botanist, visiting museums and collecting material for the museum of the academy. From 1793 he was professor of zoology at the Museum of Natural History. His ideas concerning the origin of species were first made public in his Système des animaux sans vertèbres (1801). He introduced the terms biology and Invertebrata and suggested the invertebrate classes Infusoria, Annelida, Crustacea, Arachnida, and Tunicata. He is also considered the founder of invertebrate paleontology. His later works were Philosophie zoologique (2 vol., 1809; tr. Zoological Philosophy, 1963) and Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres (7 vol. in 8, 1815-22). Blindness and poverty marred his later years. Lamarck's theory of evolution, or Lamarckism, asserts that all life forms have arisen by a continuous process of gradual modification throughout geologic history. To explain this process he cited the then generally accepted theory of acquired characteristics, which held that new traits in an organism develop because of a need created by the environment and that they are transmitted to its offspring. Although the latter hypothesis was disputed during Lamarck's lifetime by Cuvier and others and was rejected altogether as the principles of heredity were established, Lamarck's theory of evolution was an important forerunner of the work of Charles Darwin, who recognized a modified influence of environment in evolutionary processes.

See studies by R. W. Burkhart (1977) and P. Corsi (tr. 1988).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press
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Créquy, François, chevalier de
Créquy or Créqui, François, chevalier de, c.1629-87, marshal of France. Having fought in the Thirty Years War and on the government side in the Fronde, he conducted brilliant campaigns in the War of Devolution (1667-68) and conquered Lorraine in 1670. He refused (1672) to serve under Marshal Turenne in the third Dutch War (1672-78) and was exiled but soon submitted. In 1675, he was captured after his defeat at Konzer Brücke near Trier. Released shortly after, he achieved military renown in Alsace. In 1684, Créquy occupied Luxembourg.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press
Chevalier, Michel
Chevalier, Michel, 1806-79, French economist. An ardent Saint-Simonian as a youth, he later favored a form of welfare capitalism. He advocated industrial development as the key to social progress. Also a proponent of free trade, he negotiated with Richard Cobden the Anglo-French trade treaty of 1860. His Lettres sur l'Amérique du Nord (1836) extols the United States.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
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Chevalier, Maurice
Chevalier, Maurice, 1888-1972, French singer and film actor. He made his debut in 1900 singing and dancing at the Casino de Tourelles, Paris. As the dancing partner of Mistinguett and as the star of several Paris music halls, he won his public by his charm and inimitable smile; by 1928 his reputation was international. He became famous for his portrayal of the debonair man-about-town, typically sporting a straw hat and a cane. Among his later films are Love in the Afternoon (1956), Gigi (1958), Can-Can (1959), and Fanny (1961).

See his autobiographies With Love (1960) and I Remember It Well (1970); study by G. Ringgold and D. Bodeen(1973).

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press
Chevalier, Guillaume Sulpice
Chevalier, Guillaume Sulpice: see Gavarni.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
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knight
French chevalier German Ritter

In the European Middle Ages, a formally professed cavalryman, generally a vassal holding land as a fief from the lord he served (see feudalism). At about 7 a boy bound for knighthood became a page, then at 12 a damoiseau (“lordling”), varlet, or valet, and subsequently a shieldbearer or esquire. When judged ready, he was dubbed knight by his lord in a solemn ceremony. The Christian ideal of knightly behavior (see chivalry) required devotion to the church, loyalty to military and feudal superiors, and preservation of personal honor. By the 16th century knighthood had become honorific rather than feudal or military.

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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Knight, Frank H(yneman)

(born Nov. 7, 1885, White Oak township, McLean county, Ill., U.S.—died April 15, 1972, Chicago, Ill.) U.S. economist. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1916. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1927 to 1952; Milton Friedman was one of the many students he influenced. His book Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921) distinguished between insurable and uninsurable risks and asserted that profit was the reward entrepreneurs earned for bearing uninsurable risk. His monograph “Economic Organization” is a classic exposition of microeconomic theory. He is considered the founder of the Chicago school of economics.

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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Chevalier, Maurice

Maurice Chevalier

(born Sept. 12, 1888, Paris, France—died Jan. 1, 1972, Paris) French singer and actor. He first appeared as a singer and comedian at the Folies-Bergère in 1909. He spent two years in a German prison camp during World War I. Known for his jaunty straw hat and bow tie and his lively, roguish manner, he went to Hollywood in 1929, where he appeared in movies that helped establish the musical as a film genre, including The Love Parade (1929) and The Merry Widow (1934). He was criticized for entertaining the Germans during the wartime occupation of France. His later films include Gigi (1958) and Fanny (1961). In 1958 he was presented with an honorary Academy Award.

Learn more about Chevalier, Maurice with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Chevalier lists plans and goals for Balmain. (Alain Chevalier, Pierre Balmain International, apparel and fragrance manufacturer)
Oct 27, 1989; CHEVALIER LISTS PLANS AND GOALS FOR BALMAIN PARIS (FNS) -- Alain Chevalier, who is about to be the new owner and chairman of the...
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Chevalier, Maurice
Jan 01, 2006; Maurice Chevalier Over a performing career that spanned seven decades, singer and actor Maurice Chevalier (1888 – 1972)...
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Candidate Stabbed After Fight at Polls; Chevalier Accused of Assaulting Rival's Aide
Sep 14, 1988; Jacques Chevalier, a Ward 2 D.C. Council candidate in yesterday's primary elections, allegedly beat and kicked an aide of...
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Photographer Douglas Chevalier [Correction 6/ 19/ 07]
Jun 10, 2007; Douglas Chevalier, a Washington Post photographer who covered seven presidents and thousands of news stories in more than 30...
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[ Jason Chevalier of West Covina... ]
Sep 16, 2005; Jason Chevalier of West Covina, the Mt. San Antonio College professor directing the college's award-winning Wind Ensemble and...
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