Seal Beach, city (1990 pop. 25,098), Orange co., S Calif., on the Pacific coast; inc. 1915. It is a beach city with an active art colony. Transportation equipment and concrete are among the city's manufactures. U.S. naval stations are nearby.
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Riviera Beach, resort city (1990 pop. 27,639), Palm Beach co., SE Fla., on Lake Worth (a lagoon); inc. 1922. Research and development firms are located in the growing city.
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Rehoboth Beach, resort town (1990 pop. 1,234), Sussex co., SE Del., on the Atlantic coast; inc. 1873. Its industries include boat construction and printing. Settled about 1675, the town began its life as a resort in 1873 when a religious camp meeting association constructed facilities there. Now popular with vacationers, especially from Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Rehoboth Beach is known as "the nation's summer capital." Rehoboth Bay is to the south, and Cape Henlopen State Park is to the north.
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Redondo Beach, city (1990 pop. 60,167), Los Angeles co., S Calif., on the Pacific Ocean; inc. 1892. Once a commercial port for Los Angeles, it is a residential and resort city with a protected harbor and an excellent marina. There are an aluminum foundry and factories that produce furniture, computer peripherals, diagnostic substances, and laundry equipment. Redondo State Beach is here.
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Pompano Beach, city (1990 pop. 72,411), Broward co., SE Fla., on the Atlantic coast and the
Intracoastal Waterway; inc. 1908. It is a resort city with ocean beaches, excellent fishing, and a harness-racing track. Manufactures include precision and electronic equipment and various technological supplies. Pompano Beach has many miles of small canals that are lined with homes. A U.S. Coast Guard station is there. Of interest are a lighthouse, built in 1906, and Native American mounds.
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Palm Beach, town (1990 pop. 9,814), Palm Beach co., SE Fla., on a barrier beach between the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Worth (a lagoon); inc. 1911. It is a well-known resort of the wealthy, with many fine estates, luxurious hotels, and yachting facilities. In the winter its population expands to much larger numbers. The town was settled during the 1870s, but not until the arrival (1893) of developer Henry M.
Flagler in Florida did Palm Beach grow rapidly. Of interest are the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum, the Cluett Memorial Gardens, and the Four Arts Gardens.
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Ormond Beach, resort and residential city (1990 pop. 29,721), Volusia co., NE Fla., on Halifax River (a lagoon) and the Atlantic Ocean; inc. 1880. It was founded (1873) as a health resort and was the winter home of several famous people, including John D.
Rockefeller, who died there in 1937.
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Old Orchard Beach, town (1990 pop. 7,789), York co., SW Maine, on the Atlantic coast; settled c.1631, inc. 1883. For many years a popular summer resort, it has a beach and amusement facilities. A trading post was located nearby before 1630.
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North Miami Beach, residential and resort city (1990 pop. 35,359), Dade co., SE Fla., on the Atlantic coast; inc. 1931. It is a major office and retail area.
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Newport Beach, residential and resort city (1990 pop. 66,643), Orange co., S Calif., on Newport Bay and the Pacific Ocean; inc. 1906. It is a popular seaside resort and yachting center. Manufactures include electrical and medical equipment, computers, boats, and adhesives.
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New Smyrna Beach, city (1990 pop. 16,543), Volusia co., NE Fla., on Indian River (a lagoon; part of the Intracoastal Waterway) and on Ponce de Leon Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean; inc. 1903. It is a center for citrus-fruit packing and has commercial fishing and seafood-processing industries as well as varied light manufacturing. It is also a tourist city, with 8 mi (11.3 km) of white sand beaches. A Spanish Franciscan mission was established there in 1696. Colonists arrived in 1767, but the settlement did not prosper until the advent of the railroad in the mid-19th cent. Of interest in the area are a huge Native American mound made of shells and artifacts, and the ruins of a Spanish fort (c.1565).
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Miami Beach, city (1990 pop. 92,639), Dade co., SE Fla., on an island between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean; inc. 1915. It is connected to Miami by four causeways. Miami Beach is a popular year-round resort, famous for its "gold coast" hotel strip, palatial estates, and recreational facilities. The city's chief source of income derives from tourism. The 34,000-seat Convention Hall complex in Miami Beach has hosted several national political conventions. Cultural institutions include the Bass Art Museum and other facilties of the Cultural Park and the Wolfsonian, a museum of design.
The area was originally a mangrove swamp. A wooden bridge was built from the mainland in 1913, but development was slow until the Florida land boom in the 1920s. The glamorous hotel and vacation industry began to decline in the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, large numbers of Cuban refugees from the Mariel boatlift flooded into the area, seeking its cheap accommodations. A spurt in less-expensive development along the ocean road followed and led to the influx of a younger population and to the exodus of many wealthier retirees to other resort cities in Florida. The 1979 designation of an Art Deco section of South Beach as a historic district, however, slowly set in motion an architectural revival of the city. By the 1990s Miami Beach had reemerged as a popular tourist destination. More recently there has been renewed interest in "Miami Modernism," the architectural style that characterizes the city's 1950s hotels.
See H. Mehling, The Most of Everything: The Story of Miami Beach (1960); P. Redford, Billion Dollar Sandbar (1970); B. Blumin, Miami Savvy (1989); G. Monroe and A. Sweet, Miami Beach (1989).
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Manhattan Beach, city (1990 pop. 32,063), Los Angeles co., S Calif., on Santa Monica Bay; inc. 1912. It is a residential and beach community with an oil refinery and nearby factories that produce transportation and electrical equipment, computers, and pottery. Manhattan State Beach is there.
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Malibu Beach, resort and residential area (1990 est. pop. 10,000), S Calif., W of Los Angeles and near Santa Monica. Due to its relative reclusiveness, Malibu Beach is home to many of those in the film, television, and entertainment businesses. Elaborate residences line a beach escarpment above a sandpit extending into Santa Monica Bay. A branch of Pepperdine Univ. is also there.
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Long Beach. 1 City (1990 pop. 429,433), Los Angeles co., S Calif., on San Pedro Bay; est. 1882 as Willmore City, inc. 1888 as Long Beach. Having an excellent harbor, it serves as one of Los Angeles's two ports—it is one of the world's largest container ports—and a year-round resort noted for its long, wide beaches and active marina. The city also has a large oil industry; oil (discovered in 1921) is found both underground and offshore. Manufactures include aircraft, automobile parts, electronic and audiovisual equipment, and home furnishings. Long Beach grew with the development of high-technology and aerospace industries in the area, and through immigration, with two of the largest groups being Hispanic and Cambodian. Points of interest include an aquarium; an adobe ranch house (1844) that is now a museum; four artificial oil islands in the harbor; and the ocean liner Queen Mary, a museum, hotel, and tourist center. California State Univ. Long Beach is in the city. 2 City (1990 pop. 33,510), Nassau co., SE N.Y., on Long Island; inc. 1922. It is a residential suburb and beach community on the Atlantic Ocean. Clothing, machinery, and umbrellas are manufactured there.
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Lawrence, William Beach, 1800-1881, American political leader and jurist, b. New York City. He was appointed secretary of the legation in Great Britain in 1826 and was made (1827) chargé d'affaires. In 1829 he returned to New York City, where he practiced law. Lawrence moved to Rhode Island in 1850, was elected lieutenant governor in 1851, and was acting governor in 1852. Soon afterward he retired from politics to devote himself to writing on international law. His annotated edition of Henry Wheaton's Elements of International Law (1855) was long a standard work. From his service on an international commission to codify international law came his Commentaire sur les éléments du droit international [commentary on the elements of international law] (4 vol., 1868-80).
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Laguna Beach, city (1990 pop. 23,170), Orange co., S Calif., on the Pacific coast; founded 1887, inc. 1927. A residential and resort community with a noted art colony and many cultural attractions, the city profited from the rapid growth and prosperity of Orange co. in the 1980s and 90s. Navigation equipment and pottery products are manufactured.
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Jones Beach, state park, 2,413 acres (977 hectares), on an offshore bar, SW Long Island, SE N.Y., in Nassau co.; est. 1929. It is noted for its wide, white sand beaches, outdoor marine theater, and varied recreational facilities.
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Imperial Beach, residential and resort city (1990 pop. 26,512), San Diego co., S Calif., on the Mexican border; inc. 1956. The southwesternmost city in the continental United States, Imperial Beach is near several naval and air stations.
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Huntington Beach, city (1990 pop. 181,519), Orange co., S Calif., on the Pacific coast, across from Santa Catalina Island, in an oil-producing area; inc. 1909. It manufactures aerospace vehicles, aircraft parts, optical instruments, and heat transfer equipment. The city's population increased more than tenfold between 1960 and 1990. The city has long been known for its fine beaches and has become one of the surfing capitals of S California.
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Hermosa Beach, city (1990 pop. 18,219), Los Angeles co., S Calif., on Santa Monica Bay; inc. 1907. It is a residential suburb and a popular resort noted for its fine, sandy beaches and excellent surf.
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Fort Walton Beach, city (1990 pop. 21,471), Okaloosa co., NW Fla., on the Gulf of Mexico; inc. 1941. It is a year-round beach and fishing resort east of Pensacola. Electronic equipment and small boats are made, and military aircraft are modified here. Nearby Eglin Air Force Base contributes significantly to the economy. The city grew around a fort built during the Seminole War (1835-42), and expanded during World War II. A national historic landmark here includes a museum of Native American culture.
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Delray Beach, resort city (1990 pop. 47,181), Palm Beach co., SE Fla., on the Atlantic coast; settled 1895, inc. 1911. Mostly residential, Delray Beach is also the trade center for a citrus-fruit and vegetable-growing region. The city's vast flower farms are noted for chrysanthemums and gladiolas. Delray Beach has undergone significant suburban economic development and has a large retirement community. The city's population more than doubled from 1970 to 1990.
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Deerfield Beach, town (1990 pop. 46,325), Broward co., SE Fla., on the Atlantic coast; inc. 1925. The development of high-technology industry and commerce expanded the town and more than doubled its population between 1970 and 1990. Deerfield Beach has one of the largest retirement communities in the United States.
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Daytona Beach, city (1990 pop. 61,921), Volusia co., NE Fla., on the Atlantic coast and Halifax River (a lagoon); inc. 1876. Center of a rapidly urbanizing area, in a region settled by Spanish Franciscans in the 17th cent., Daytona Beach is a popular year-round resort, now noted as a spring-break mecca for collegians. Its economy has diversified to include aerospace industries. Noted for its hard, white beach, the city has been the scene of automobile racing since 1902; the annual Daytona 500 is an important event. Daytona USA, an interactive motor-sports museum, opened in 1996. Institutions of higher education include Bethune-Cookman College and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ.
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Boynton Beach, city (1990 pop. 46,194), Palm Beach co., SE Fla., on the Atlantic coast; inc. 1920. A major suburban area, it is also a beach resort and vegetable-shipping point.
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Beach, Mrs. H. H. A., 1867-1944, American composer and pianist, b. Henniker, N.H., as Amy Marcy Cheney. A child prodigy, she received rather meagre training as a pianist in the United States, and toured there and in Europe. In composition she was largely self-taught. Her
Gaelic Symphony (1896) was the first symphony by an American woman. She composed more than 150 works, including a piano concerto, chamber music, choral pieces, and well-known songs such as "Ah, Love but a Day" and "The Year's at the Spring." Her music is in the romantic style of the 19th cent.
See Amy Beach by A. F. Block (1999).
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Beach, Moses Yale, 1800-1868, American journalist, b. Wallingford, Conn. As a young man he invented a rag-cutting machine and a gunpowder engine. In 1838 he bought the New York
Sun from his brother-in-law, Benjamin Day, for whom he had been working as production manager. The
Sun's chief competitor in the penny-paper field was the New York
Herald, edited by James Gordon
Bennett. The two rival papers used ingenious means to get news fast—the
Sun even kept carrier pigeons in a special house atop its building. Costs, especially during the Mexican War, mounted so much that at a conference in Beach's office the editors of a number of New York newspapers established the New York Associated Press to cooperate in securing the news. Beach is credited with the first European edition of an American paper, the weekly
American Sun (1848), and with starting the newspaper syndicated article. In 1848 he turned the New York
Sun over to his sons, Moses Sperry Beach and Alfred E. Beach.
See F. M. O'Brien, The Story of the Sun (1928, repr. 1968).
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Beach Boys, The, American rock music band formed in 1961 by brothers Brian Wilson, 1942-, Dennis Wilson, 1944-83, and Carl Wilson, 1946-98, with Mike Love, 1941-, and Alan Jardine, 1942-. The band popularized, if not invented, California rock, a style that featured rich, simple guitar work and vocal harmonies and that glorified a teenage life in California centered on surfing, dating, and driving. Their recordings include Surfin' USA, Fun, Fun, Fun, California Girls, and the proto-psychedelic Good Vibrations. The band has survived despite frequent personnel changes, and maintained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s as a nostalgia act. In 1988 they achieved chart success again with Kokomo.
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or
beach fleaHopping terrestrial crustacean (family Talitridae). The European sand flea (Talitrus saltator) is about 0.6 in. (1.5 cm) long. The long-horned sand flea (T. longicornis), found on the North American Atlantic coast, has antennae the same length as the waxy white body, up to 1 in. (2.5 cm) long. During the day, sand fleas lie buried near the high-tide mark; at night, they forage for organic debris. The common sand flea (Orchestia agilis, or platensis) lives along Atlantic coasts of Europe and the Americas.
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Sediments that accumulate along sea or lake shores. One type of beach occurs as a sediment strip bordering a rocky or cliffy coast. A second type is the outer margin of a marine plain. The third type consists of narrow sediment barriers stretching for dozens or even hundreds of miles parallel to the general direction of the coast. These barriers separate lagoons from the open sea and generally are dissected by tidal inlets. Certain sediment forelands, such as spits, points, and tombolos (which connect an island with a mainland), occasionally are called beaches.
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City (pop., 2000: 425,257), southeastern Virginia. It is situated on the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay. Founded in 1887, it developed as a resort after a railroad was built linking it with Norfolk. After World War I it became an important base in the national coastal defense system. In 1963 it and the former Princess Anne county merged to become the City of Virginia Beach. Its economy is based on tourism and military installations. Cape Henry Memorial is in the city and the Cape Henry Lighthouse (1791) is nearby.
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City (pop., 2000: 87,933), southeastern Florida, U.S. It is situated on an island across Biscayne Bay from Miami. Until 1912 the site was a mangrove swamp. John S. Collins and Carl F. Fisher pioneered real estate development and built a bridge across the bay; the area was dredged to form an island measuring 7.4 sq mi (19 sq km), with an 8-mi (13-km) beach. The city, incorporated in 1915, is now a luxury resort and convention centre. It is connected with Miami by several causeways and is noted for its Art Deco architecture.
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City (pop., 2000: 461,522), southwestern California, U.S. The site was originally an Indian trading camp, and Spanish ranches were located there in the 18th century. Laid out as Willmore City in 1880 and incorporated in 1888, it was renamed for its 8.5-mi (13.5-km) beach. The discovery of oil nearby in 1921 led to rapid growth. An earthquake in 1933 caused extensive damage. It is connected to the Los Angeles harbour by the Cerritos Channel. The British ocean liner Queen Mary has been moored in the harbour since 1969.
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City (pop., 2000: 189,594), southwestern California, U.S. Located on the Pacific coast, it was first called Shell Beach and after its subdivision (1901) was known as Pacific City. To encourage its promotion as a seaside resort, it was renamed Huntington Beach for the railroad magnate Henry E. Huntington. Its major economic assets are oil wells and refineries.
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Coastal city (pop., 2000: 64,112), northeastern Florida, U.S. Located south of Jacksonville, it was founded by Mathias Day in 1870 and incorporated in 1876. In 1926 the cities of Seabreeze, Daytona, and Daytona Beach were incorporated as Daytona Beach. The Ormond-Daytona beach of hard, white sand has been used for automobile speed trials since 1903. The city is known for the Daytona International Speedway.
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orig.
Amy Marcy Cheney known as
Mrs. H.H.A. Beach(born Sept. 5, 1867, Henniker, N.H., U.S.—died Dec. 27, 1944, New York, N.Y.) U.S. composer and pianist. A precociously brilliant musician, she performed as soloist with major orchestras in the U.S. and Europe. As a composer she was devoted to German Romanticism rather than American themes or sources. Her best-loved works were her songs. Her Gaelic Symphony (1894) was the first symphony by an American woman. Other works include a piano concerto (1899), the choral pieces The Chambered Nautilus (1907) and Canticle of the Sun (1928), the opera Cabildo (1932), and a piano quintet (1907).
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U.S. rock group. The band was formed in California in 1961 by brothers Brian Wilson (b. 1942) on keyboards and bass, Dennis Wilson (1944–83) on drums, and Carl Wilson (1946–98) on guitar; their cousin Mike Love (b. 1941) on drums; and Alan Jardine (b. 1942) on guitar. Within a year they launched a string of surfing-oriented hits marked by close vocal harmony, including “Surfin' Safari” and “California Girls.” By 1966 they had released more than 10 albums, including Pet Sounds (1966), considered their best. Despite Brian Wilson's reclusiveness due to stress- and drug-related breakdowns, the band continued to make recordings into the 1980s and toured into the 1990s.
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