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Old Kingdom (or Old Empire)

DynastyYearsFamous Rulers
I3110-2884 B.C.Menes
II2884-2780 B.C.
III2780-2680 B.C.Snefru
IV2680-2565 B.C.Khufu (Cheops), Khafre, Menkaure. Age of the great pyramids.
V2565-2420 B.C.
VI2420-2258 B.C.Pepi I, Pepi II

First Intermediate Period

VII, VIII2258-2225 B.C.An obscure period.
IX, X2225-2134 B.C.Capital at Heracleopolis.
XI2134-c.2000 B.C.Capital at Thebes.

Middle Kingdom (or Middle Empire)

XII2000-1786 B.C.Amenemhet I, Sesostris I, Amenemhet II, Sesostris II, Sesostris III, Amenemhet III, Amenemhet IV

Second Intermediate Period

XIII-XVII1786-1570 B.C.The Hyksos. An obscure period.

New Kingdom (or New Empire)

XVIII1570-c.1342 B.C.Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut (with Thutmose II initially), Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (Ikhnaton), Tutankhamen
XIXc.1342-1200 B.C.Horemheb, Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II, Merneptah, Seti II
XX1200-1085 B.C.Ramses III with Tiy. New Kingdom declines.
XXI1085-945 B.C.Tanite dynasty (capital at Tanis).
XXII945-745 B.C.Sheshonk I. Libyan dynasty (capital at Bubastis).
XXIII745-718 B.C.Nubian dynasty with invasion of Piankhi (capital at Bubastis).
XXIV718-712 B.C.Saïte dynasty (capital at Saïs).
XXV712-663 B.C.Taharka. Assyrian invasions begin foreign domination.
XXVI663-525 B.C.Psamtik, Necho, Apries, Amasis II (capital at Saïs).
XXVII525-405 B.C.The Achaemenids of Persia in control. Cambyses II to Darius II. Egypt revolts.
XXVIII-XXX405-332 B.C.Nekhtnebf I, Nekhtnebf II. Last native dynasties, ending with conquest by Alexander the Great. Capital at Saïs, then at Mendes, then at Sebennytos.

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004, Columbia University Press.
Licensed from Columbia University Press



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