AXEL - 11 reference results
Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor, 1903-82, Swedish biochemist, M.D. Caroline Institute, Stockholm, 1930. The results of an illness caused him to abandon his career as a physician, and he began to teach at the Univ. of Uppsala. He became (1937) professor of biochemistry and later head of the department at the Nobel medical institute, Stockholm. He was awarded the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning oxidation enzymes. Theorell was also the first to produce a pure form of myoglobin, the red-colored protein of muscles.
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Oxenstierna, Count Axel Gustafsson, 1583-1654, Swedish statesman. Named chancellor in 1612, he was the actual administrator of Sweden because Gustavus II was continually occupied with foreign campaigns. Oxenstierna also organized the conquered territories, skillfully managed financial affairs, and aided Gustavus's wars by his diplomacy. In 1629 he arranged a favorable truce with Poland, freeing the army for the campaign in Germany. Habitually cautious, he opposed Sweden's entry into the Thirty Years War, but he acceded to the king's wishes and devoted his energies to keeping supplies and troops at the command of the king. After the death (1632) of Gustavus II at Lützen, the diet granted Oxenstierna full control of Swedish affairs in Germany. At a congress at Heilbronn (1633), he managed to weld the German Protestant princes into some semblance of unity. The Swedish defeat at Nördlingen (1634) forced Oxenstierna to solicit direct assistance from France. From Cardinal Richelieu he secured enlarged subsidies and the open entry (1635) of France into the conflict. As the dominant member of the council of regency in the minority of Christina and virtual ruler of Sweden (1632-44), he followed a cautious foreign policy and distinguished himself by his great program of reforms, including commercial, administrative, and social improvements. He was the author of the constitution of 1634, which centralized administration. He planned and directed the war against Denmark (1643-45) and brought it to a successful conclusion in the Peace of Bromsebro, by which Sweden gained several Danish provinces. Clashes between Oxenstierna and the young queen led to the decline of his power. He himself took no part in the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia (1648), but his son was one of the Swedish representatives. Oxenstierna opposed the abdication of Christina in 1654, but for the short remainder of his life he served Charles X well in attempts to rehabilitate Sweden financially.
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Karlfeldt, Erik Axel, 1864-1931, Swedish lyric poet. His work is representative of neoromanticism in the 1890s. Themes of nature, love, and life in the province of Dalarna predominate in Songs of the Wilderness and of Love (1895), Fridolin's Ballads (1898), and other collections. He was posthumously awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Literature, which he had refused in his lifetime. Selected poems were translated as Arcadia Borealis (1938).
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Hägerstrom, Axel, 1868-1939, Swedish philosopher. He was a student (1886-93) at Uppsala Univ. and taught there from 1893 until his retirement in 1933. The son of a Lutheran minister, his interests shifted from theology to philosophy soon after he began his studies at Uppsala. Influenced by Kant, he explored the concept of reality in The Principle of Science (1908). He was critical of subjectivism and the Austrian school of value theory, holding that all value statements are essentially emotive and lack any truth value. Hägerstrom, with Adolf Phalén, founded the Uppsala school of philosophy, which flourished in the 1920s and 30s, although most members of the school disagreed with much of his work. Near the end of his career Hägerstrom's interest was in practical philosophy, particularly the philosophy of morals, religion, and law.
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Fersen, Count Hans Axel, 1755-1810, Swedish soldier and diplomat; son of Count Fredrik Axel Fersen. He entered (1779) the French service, was aide-de-camp of comte de Rochambeau in the American Revolution, and later at the court of Versailles became a favorite of Marie Antoinette. He was recalled (1784) to Sweden, but returned to Paris on the eve of the French Revolution. In 1791 he helped the marquis de Bouillé plan the flight of Louis XVI and Marie Antionette, and he himself drove their coach outside the city limits, but the king and queen were arrested at Varennes. Fersen later held diplomatic posts at Vienna and Brussels and in 1801 was made marshal of Sweden by Gustavus IV, whom he accompanied to Germany in the Napoleonic Wars. After the Swedish revolution of 1809 that forced Gustavus IV to abdicate, Fersen was accused by popular rumor of reactionary intrigues and was killed by a mob.
See his diaries (tr. 1902); biography by S. Loomis (1972); M. Coryn, Marie Antoinette and Axel de Fersen (1938); E. John (pseud. of E. V. Simpson), Kings' Masque (1941).
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Fersen, Count Fredrik Axel, 1719-94, Swedish politician and soldier. He served (1743-48) in the French army and retired as brigadier general. As lieutenant general in the Swedish army (1750-57), he distinguished himself in the Seven Years War. Fersen was a leader of the noble faction called the Hats. After the coup of Gustavus III, he became the king's adviser. At the diet of 1789 he opposed the king's war policy and was arrested. He was soon released, and he retired from politics. His history of 18th-century Sweden (largely autobiographical) is more interesting than accurate.
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Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik, Baron, 1722-65, Swedish mineralogist and chemist. In 1751 he discovered in niccolite an impure form of nickel, reported it as a newly discovered element, and proposed the name nickel for it. He was one of the first to recognize the importance of the chemical constituents of minerals and rocks and to use the blowpipe in the study of minerals. He wrote An Essay towards a System of Mineralogy (1758; tr., 2d ed. 1788).
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Axel Heiberg Island, 13,583 sq mi (35,180 sq km), in the Arctic Ocean, N Nunavut Territory, Canada, W of Ellesmere Island. It was named by the Norwegian explorer Otto Sverdrup (who explored it 1898-1902) for one of his patrons. The island's plateau surface (3,000-6,000 ft/915-1,830 m high) is deeply indented by fjords.
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Axel: see Absalon.
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(born July 20, 1864, Folkärna, Swed.—died April 8, 1931, Stockholm) Swedish poet. His strong ties to the peasant culture of his rural homeland remained a dominant influence on his writing all his life. His essentially regional, tradition-bound poems, some published in English in Arcadia Borealis (1938), were very popular. He was elected to the Swedish Academy in 1904 and made its permanent secretary in 1912. He refused the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1918 but was awarded it posthumously in 1931.
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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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