AMMONIUM - 5 reference results
ammonium sulfate, chemical compound, (NH4)2SO4, a colorless-to-gray, rhombohedral crystalline substance that occurs in nature as the mineral mascagnite. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol or liquid ammonia. It is prepared commercially by passing ammonia, obtained from destructive distillation of coal, into sulfuric acid and is used as a fertilizer, in preparing other ammonium compounds, and for fireproofing.
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ammonium nitrate, chemical compound, NH4NO3, that exists as colorless, rhombohedral crystals at room temperature but changes to monoclinic crystals when heated above 32°C;. It is extremely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia. It is prepared commercially by reaction of nitric acid and ammonia. Major uses are in fertilizers and explosives. For fertilizers it is in the form of small clay-coated pellets. For explosives it is sometimes mixed with other substances, e.g., TNT, so that it is more easily detonated. It is also used in solid-fuel rocket propellants, in pyrotechnics, and in the production of nitrous oxide.
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ammonium group, in chemistry, a positively charged nitrogen atom joined by single bonds to four other atoms or groups. The simplest ammonium group, NH4+, is formed by protonation of ammonia, NH3, e.g., by its reaction with hydrogen chloride, HCl, to form ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, an ammonium compound. Organic ammonium compounds are formed by the reaction of an alkyl halide with an amine (see amino group), for example, ethyl chloride, C2H5Cl, reacts with triethylamine, (C2H5)3N, to form tetraethyl ammonium chloride, (C2H5)4N+Cl-. They are also formed by reaction of an amine with a mineral acid or by reaction of an alkyl halide with ammonia.
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ammonium chloride, chemical compound, NH4Cl, a white or colorless, odorless, water-soluble, cubic crystalline salt with a biting taste, commonly known as sal ammoniac. It is prepared commercially by reacting ammonia, NH3, with hydrogen chloride, HCl, and is used chiefly in the manufacture of electric dry-cell batteries, in soldering fluxes, in textile printing, and in making other compounds. It is also used in certain medical treatments. It occurs in nature in volcanic regions.
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Licensed from Columbia University Press
Licensed from Columbia University Press
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