Vincenzo Perugia

1913

Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1913

January

January 13

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Social Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
The Irish Ulster Volunteers are reoganized into the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) by the Ulster Unionist Party, with the intention of defending Ulster against Home Rule.

January 23 - Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire, lead by Enver Pasha; the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship.
January 30 - House of Lords rejects third Irish Home Rule Bill.

February

February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest train station.
February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the US Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes.
February 4 - Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
February 9 - "The Great Fireball Procession": a chain of slow, large meteors moving from northwest to southeast is sighted over North America, particularly in Canada.
February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.

March

March 3 - The First Women's Suffrage March.
March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
March 4

Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.

March 7 - British freighter Alum Chine carrying 343 tons of dynamite explodes in Baltimore harbour.
March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
March 25

Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadalupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."
2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this great flood.

March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

April

April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.

May

May - The painting September Morn creates a national sensation in the USA and results in a court case.
May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris causing a riot that very night.
May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.

June

June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She was trampled and died four days later in the hospital, never having regained consciousness.
June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 civilians, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

July

July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of American Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).

August

August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond jumps from an airplane and lands safely.

September

September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
September 29

Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals

October

October 1 - Pancho Villa's troops take Torreón after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
October 3 - The United States Revenue Act of 1913 re-imposes the federal income tax and lowers basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%.
October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, ending construction on the Panama Canal.
October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
October 31 - Dedication of the Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across America.

November

November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
November 7-11 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills more than 250.
November 26 - Phi Sigma Sigma, the first non-sectarian sorority, was founded at Hunter College, NY.

December

December 1

Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.

December 12

Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.

December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World.
December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
December 30 - Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
December - Gateway of India constructed at Mumbai to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.

Undated

Female suffrage in Norway
British steamship Calvadas disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
Camel cigarettes are introduced.
First publication of Journal of Ecology.
National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
United States Soccer Federation is formed.
The modern zipper is invented.
The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.
End of Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands (1878-1913).
The value of world trade roughly $38 billion.
Schools founded: The Hockaday School, Crescent School.