The Triple Alliance was an alliance formed between the countries: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Alliance was formed in 1882 to oppose the Triple Entente, an alliance between Britain, France and Russia. The Triple Entente was a promise between the three countries to provide each other mutual support, in case of an attack.
Otto von Bismarck of Germany was the man responsible for starting this alliance.
This alliance lasted until the beginning of World War I in 1914. Austria-Hungary was at war with the Triple Entente. Germany got involved and Italy promised to help, but did not end up following through. In fact, Italy ended up entering the war on the side of the Entente and the alliance was broken.