In pre-scientific experimentation:

• Alchemy, the quest to discover a way to turn inexpensive metals such as lead into gold.

In physics:

• Nuclear transmutation, the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another through nuclear reaction.
• Dimensional transmutation, a physical mechanism that transforms a pure number into a parameter with a dimension.

In biology:

• Transmutation of species, the alteration of one species into another.
• Biological transmutation, a form of nuclear transmutation said by some scientists to occur within living organisms

In religion

• Transmutation is sometimes used as a synonym for transubstantiation of the Eucharist

In film and television:

• Transmutate, a character from the Transformers series Beast Wars.
• "Human Transmutation", the 46th episode of the anime series Fullmetal Alchemist.
• Transmutation circle, a circle used to perform alchemy in Fullmetal Alchemist.

In music:

• Transmutation (Mutatis Mutandis), an album by the supergroup Praxis.
• Transmutation, an album by the Brazilian death metal band Ophiolatry.

Other:

• Sexual transmutation, an attempt to transform sexual energy into creativity and thereby magically facilitate spiritual awakening