Pickering, Timothy, 1745-1829, American political leader and Revolutionary War army officer, b. Salem, Mass. He was admitted to the bar (1768) and played an active part in pre-Revolutionary activities against the British. In 1774 and 1775 he was connected with the Massachusetts committee of correspondence. A colonel in the Massachusetts militia, he joined George Washington's army in the American Revolution, served (1777) as Washington's adjutant-general, was a member of the board of war, and was (1780-85) quartermaster general. After the Revolution, he moved to Pennsylvania and was sent by the Pennsylvania government to the Wyoming valley region of Pennsylvania to organize the newly formed Luzerne co. and to represent the state in the dispute over land claims between Connecticut settlers and Pennsylvania. He was a member of the state constitutional convention (1789-90) and negotiated treaties with various Native American tribes for the federal government. He was Postmaster General (1791-95), Secretary of War (1795), and Secretary of State (1795-1800). Pickering was dismissed after President John Adams learned that he had been scheming with the Alexander Hamilton branch of the Federalist party to steer the United States into war with France. Returning to Massachusetts, he became chief justice of the court of common pleas and was later a U.S. Senator (1803-11) and Representative (1813-17). A strong Federalist and an opponent of Adams, Pickering was a leading figure in the Essex Junto and an outspoken opponent of the War of 1812. He wrote Political Essays (1812).

Dexter, Timothy, 1747-1806, American merchant and eccentric, b. Malden, Mass. He gained a fortune from the American Revolution by buying up depreciated certificates of indebtedness that were afterward reclaimed at full value. He also gained money by shrewd mercantile transactions. He was styled "Lord Timothy Dexter" by his fellows, and he accepted the title. Dexter wrote A Pickle for the Knowing Ones (1802), remarkable for the totally individual spelling and the absence of all punctuation. In the second edition he added a page of "stops" so that readers could "peper and salt it as they please."

Flint, Timothy, 1780-1840, American author, b. North Reading, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1800, and entered the ministry. As a missionary he traveled up and down the Mississippi valley from 1815 until 1825 and recorded in Recollections of the Last Ten Years (1826) the frontier life he experienced. He also wrote several romantic novels of frontier life, notably Francis Berrian (1826) and George Mason, the Young Backwoodsman (1829). His vivid Biographical Memoir of Daniel Boone (1833) did much to develop the Boone legend.

Timothy, Saint, d. c.100, early Christian, addressee of two books of the New Testament. The son of a Greek father and a Jewish mother, he was the friend and companion of St. Paul. He became first bishop of Ephesus and, according to tradition, was martyred there. He is also called Timotheus. Feast: Jan. 24.

Timothy, two letters of the New Testament. With Titus they comprise the Pastoral Epistles, in which St. Paul addresses his coworkers as the guardians and transmitters of his teaching. Modern scholars have regarded the letters as pseudepigraphical, written by a late 1st or early 2d cent. A.D. church leader in Paul's name and incorporating insights from Paul's letters. The vocabulary, mode of argument, and theology differ from the genuine Paulines. First Timothy regulates congregational life, while relaying qualifications for the clergy. Then come details on the admonitions of personal life and the behavior of widows and the clergy. The letter closes with personal exhortations. Second Timothy is a testament, i.e., the last words of Paul to Timothy. It emphasizes personal courage and fidelity to the Pauline legacy of teaching. In it are warnings of future suffering and allusions to Paul's own trials.

timothy or herd's-grass, perennial plant (Phleum pratense) of the family Gramineae (grass family), native to Europe and W Asia and one of the most widely cultivated hay grass of North America. Adaptable to cool, moist climates, where it is sometimes grown in mixtures (especially with red clover), it is a late grass—usually sown in the fall—and can be stored after cutting. It is not used for permanent pastures because it cannot survive continuous grazing. Timothy is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Liliopsida, order Cyperales, family Gramineae.

Dwight, Timothy, 1752-1817, American clergyman, author, educator, b. Northampton, Mass., grad. Yale, 1769. He renounced legal for theological studies and after 1783 was pastor for 12 years of a Congregational church at Greenfield Hill, Conn. During his pastorate he became famous throughout New England for his preaching and for the excellent private school he established near his church. One of the leaders of the Connecticut Wits, he tried to modernize the curriculum at Yale. At the death of Ezra Stiles, Dwight was named president of Yale, and from 1795 to 1817 he presided over the college. A great leader and teacher in his day and a strong believer in theocracy and Federalism, he vigorously opposed the rising Republicanism of Connecticut and the nation. His theology owed much to that of his grandfather, Jonathan Edwards.

Dwight, Timothy, 1828-1916, American educator, b. Norwich, Conn., grad. Yale, 1849; grandson of Timothy Dwight (1752-1817). Appointed professor of sacred literature at Yale, he assisted in the reorganization of the divinity school, edited the New Englander (1866-74), and served on the American committee on the revision of the Bible (1873-85). In 1886 he succeeded Noah Porter as president of Yale. He expanded the institution, securing the legislative charter that authorized the title university instead of college, and retired in 1898. He is the author of Thoughts of and for the Inner Life (1899) and Memories of Yale Life and Men (1903).

Cole, Timothy, 1852-1931, American wood engraver, b. London. He came to the United States as a child. Cole learned his trade in Chicago and later moved to New York, where in 1873 he began his 40-year association with the Century Magazine (then Scribner's). He was a pioneer and consummate craftsman in the white line technique of wood engraving, which allowed a more faithful reproduction of the works of European masters and popular contemporary painters. Dutch and Flemish Masters (1901) is one of the books that he engraved.

Perennial grass (Phleum pratense) of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), native to Europe and widely cultivated as a hay and pasture grass in North America. The stems grow in large clumps, are 1.5–3 ft (0.5–1 m) tall, and have swollen, bulblike bases. The flower clusters are long, dense, and cylindrical. Alpine, or mountain, timothy (P. alpinum) is about half as tall and occurs in wet areas from Greenland to Alaska, and at high altitudes in many other parts of North America and Europe.

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(born July 17, 1745, Salem, Mass.—died Jan. 29, 1829, Salem, Mass., U.S.) U.S. politician. He joined the militia in 1766 and served in the American Revolution under George Washington, becoming adjutant general (1777–78) and quartermaster general (1780–85). He later served as U.S. postmaster general (1791–95), secretary of war (1795), and secretary of state (1795–1800). He served in the U.S. Senate from 1803 to 1811 and in the House of Representatives from 1813 to 1817. A leader of the Federalist Party, he was a member of the Essex Junto, and he opposed the War of 1812. After retiring from politics, he turned to experimental farming and education.

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(born May 17, 1855, Bantry, County Cork, Ire.—died March 26, 1931, Dublin) Irish political leader. Soon after he entered Parliament in 1880, the “Healy Clause” of the Land Act of 1881, protecting tenant farmers' agrarian improvements from rent increases, made him popular in Ireland. Long associated with Charles Stewart Parnell, he broke with him in 1886. He grew dissatisfied with both the Liberals and the Irish Nationalists in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, and after 1917 he supported Sinn Féin. He was supported by both the British and Irish ministries as governor-general (1922–28) of the new Irish Free State.

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(born July 17, 1745, Salem, Mass.—died Jan. 29, 1829, Salem, Mass., U.S.) U.S. politician. He joined the militia in 1766 and served in the American Revolution under George Washington, becoming adjutant general (1777–78) and quartermaster general (1780–85). He later served as U.S. postmaster general (1791–95), secretary of war (1795), and secretary of state (1795–1800). He served in the U.S. Senate from 1803 to 1811 and in the House of Representatives from 1813 to 1817. A leader of the Federalist Party, he was a member of the Essex Junto, and he opposed the War of 1812. After retiring from politics, he turned to experimental farming and education.

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(born May 17, 1855, Bantry, County Cork, Ire.—died March 26, 1931, Dublin) Irish political leader. Soon after he entered Parliament in 1880, the “Healy Clause” of the Land Act of 1881, protecting tenant farmers' agrarian improvements from rent increases, made him popular in Ireland. Long associated with Charles Stewart Parnell, he broke with him in 1886. He grew dissatisfied with both the Liberals and the Irish Nationalists in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, and after 1917 he supported Sinn Féin. He was supported by both the British and Irish ministries as governor-general (1922–28) of the new Irish Free State.

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For other uses of "Timothy," see Timothy (disambiguation).

Saint Timothy (Greek: Τιμόθεος; Timótheos meaning "honoring God") was a first-century Christian bishop who died about AD 80. Evidence from the New Testament also has him functioning as delegate or coadjutor of Paul the Apostle. Saint Timotheos is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church and in addition as an apostle by the Greek Orthodox Church, with his feast day on 22 January. In the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, St. Timothy is venerated together with St. Titus on 26 January, the date on which he is also commemorated, along with Titus and St. Silas, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. As in pre-1969 calendars of the Roman Catholic Church, Timothy's feast is kept by the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod on 24 January.

Timothy is mentioned in the Bible at the time of St. Paul's second visit to Lystra (Acts 16:1-2), where Timothy is mentioned as a "disciple" or "follower." St. Paul, having been impressed by his "own son in the faith," arranged that he should become his companion (Acts 16:3), and personally circumcised him because his mother was of the Jewish faith, so that he might be accepted by the Jews. He was ordained (1 Timothy 4:14) and went with Paul in his journey through Phrygia, Galatia and Mysia; also to Troas, Philippi, Berea (Acts 17) and Corinth (Acts 18:5). His mother, Eunice, and his grandmother, Lois, are noted as eminent for their piety and faith, which indicates that they may have also been Christians. Timothy is praised by Paul for his knowledge of the Scriptures, and is said to have been acquainted with the Scriptures since childhood. The Bible gives little information about Timothy's father; however, it does indicate that he was a Greek (Acts 16:1).

According to later tradition, St. Paul ordained St. Timothy as Bishop of Ephesus in the year 65, where he served for 15 years. In the year 80 (though some sources place the event during the year 97, with Timothy dying at age 80), Timothy tried to halt a pagan procession of idols, ceremonies and songs. In response to his preaching of the Gospel, the angry pagans beat him, dragged him through the streets and stoned him to death. In the 4th century, his relics were transferred to the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.

Notes

External links

• Apostle Timothy at Orthodoxwiki