Thomas Jefferson Memorial, monument, 18 acres (7 hectares), in East Potomac Park, on the Tidal Basin, Washington, D.C.; authorized by Congress 1934, built 1938-43, dedicated 1943. The white marble building, designed by John Russell Pope, is a circular structure with a domed ceiling, surrounded by 26 columns. Inside is a 19-ft (5.8-m) statue of Jefferson by the sculptor Rudulph Evans.

Rusk, Thomas Jefferson, 1803-57, American political leader, U.S. Senator from Texas (1846-57), b. Pendleton District, S.C. He studied law under John C. Calhoun and practiced in Clarksville, Ga., for 10 years before moving to Texas in 1835. Rusk was a member of the convention that declared the independence of Texas (1836) and became secretary of war in the provisional government of the new republic. He distinguished himself at the battle of San Jacinto and, when Sam Houston was wounded there, commanded the Texas army for a brief period. He was (1838-40) chief justice of the Texas supreme court and president of the convention that confirmed the annexation of Texas (1845). The following year, he was elected Democratic Senator from Texas. He remained in the U.S. Senate until, despondent over the death of his wife, he committed suicide.

Hogg, Thomas Jefferson, 1792-1862, friend and biographer of Percy Bysshe Shelley. He was dismissed in 1811 from Oxford for defending Shelley's atheism. Authorized by Mary Shelley to write a life of her husband, Hogg issued (1858) the first two volumes, which were biased, inaccurate, and overly devoted to incidents in Hogg's own life; the family eventually withdrew the materials from his use. His account of Shelley at Oxford, written earlier, was published separately in 1904 as Shelley at Oxford. Throughout his life Hogg was a successful lawyer.

Conant, Thomas Jefferson, 1802-91, American biblical scholar. He produced new translations of books of the Bible and aided in the revision of the English Bible, completed in 1881.

(born April 13, 1743, Shadwell, Va.—died July 4, 1826, Monticello, Va., U.S.) Third president of the U.S. (1801–09). He was a planter and became a lawyer in 1767. While a member of the House of Burgesses (1769–75), he initiated the Virginia Committee of Correspondence (1773) with Richard Henry Lee and Patrick Henry. In 1774 he wrote the influential A Summary View of the Rights of British America, stating that the British Parliament had no authority to legislate for the colonies. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, he was appointed to the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence and became its primary author. He was elected governor of Virginia (1779–81) but was unable to organize effective opposition when British forces invaded the colony (1780–81). Criticized for his conduct, he retired, vowing to remain a private citizen. Again a member of the Continental Congress (1783–85), he drafted the first of the Northwest Ordinances for dividing and settling the Northwest Territory. In 1785 he succeeded Benjamin Franklin as U.S. minister to France. Appointed the first secretary of state (1790–93) by George Washington, he soon became embroiled in a bitter conflict with Alexander Hamilton over the country's foreign policy and their opposing interpretations of the Constitution. Their divisions gave rise to political factions and eventually to political parties. Jefferson served as vice president (1797–1801) under John Adams but opposed Adams's signing of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798); the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, adopted by the legislatures of those states in 1798 and 1799 as a protest against the Acts, were written by Jefferson and James Madison. In the presidential election of 1800 Jefferson and Aaron Burr received the same number of votes in the electoral college; the decision was thrown to the U.S. House of Representatives, which chose Jefferson on the 36th ballot. As president, Jefferson attempted to reduce the powers of the embryonic federal government and to eliminate the national debt; he also dispensed with a great deal of the ceremony and formality that had attended the office of president to that time. In 1803 he oversaw the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the land area of the country, and he authorized the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In an effort to force Britain and France to cease their molestation of U.S. merchant ships during the Napoleonic Wars, he signed the Embargo Act. In 1809 he retired to his plantation, Monticello, where he pursued his interests in science, philosophy, and architecture. He served as president of the American Philosophical Society (1797–1815), and in 1819 he founded and designed the University of Virginia. In 1812, after a long estrangement, he and Adams were reconciled and began a lengthy correspondence that illuminated their opposing political philosophies. They died within hours of each other on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Though a lifelong slaveholder, Jefferson was an anomaly among the Virginia planter class for his support of gradual emancipation. In January 2000 the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation accepted the conclusion, supported by DNA evidence, that Jefferson had fathered at least one child with Sally Hemings, one of his house slaves.

Learn more about Jefferson, Thomas with a free trial on Britannica.com.