Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. tests, reflexes, etc.

Letter	Sign	Name	Field	Associated conditions	External link (if no internal link)	Descriptor
A	Aaron sign	Charles Dettie Aaron	surgery	appendicitis		epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point
A	Abadie's sign	Jean Marie Charles Abadie	endocrinology	Graves' disease		levator palpebrae superioris spasm
A	Abadie's symptom	Joseph Louis Irenée Jean Abadie	neurology	tabes dorsalis		absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure
A	Abderhalden reaction	Emil Abderhalden	obstetrics	pregnancy		serum reaction;obsolete
A	Abelin reaction	Isaak Abelin	infectious disease	syphilis		presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete
A	Addis count	Thomas Addis	nephrology	pyelonephritis	(needed)	quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine
A	Adie pupil	William John Adie	neurology
A	Adson's sign	Alfred Adson	vascular surgery	thoracic outlet syndrome		obliteration of radial pulse with manouevres
A	Alexander's law	?	neurology, neurosurgery, ENT	vestibular lesions		describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions
A	Allen's test	Edgar Van Nuys Allen	vascular surgery, critical care(1)	arterial supply of the hand		tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch)
A	Apley grind test	Alan Graham Apley	orthopaedic surgery	meniscal lesions		manouevres to elicit knee pain
A	Argyll Robertson pupils	Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson	neurology	neurosyphilis		light-near dissociation
A	Arneth count	Josef Arneth	haematology, nutrition	folate deficiency		lobulation of neutrophil nuclei
A	Aschheim-Zondek test	Selmar Aschheim, Bernhard Zondek	obstetrics	normal pregnancy		oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine
A	Aschoff body	Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff	rheumatology, pathology	rheumatic fever		foci of interstitial inflammatiuon in the myocardium and elsewhere
A	Ashby techniques	Winifred Ashby	haematology, pathology	haemolysis	(needed)	agglutination test for eryhrocyte survival
A	Auberger's blood group	Auberger (patient)	haematology	normal physiology	(needed)	Aua antigen
A	Auenbrugger's sign	Josef Leopold Auenbrugger	cardiology	pericardial effusion		bulging epigastrium
A	Auer rods	John Auer	hematology	acute myeloid leukemia		cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts
A	Auspitz's sign	Heinrich Auspitz	dermatology	psoriasis		punctate bleeding when scales are scraped
A	Austin Flint murmur	Austin Flint	cardiology	aortic insufficiency		mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex
B	Babinski sign	Joseph Babinski	neurology	abnormal plantar reflex		dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot
B	Bainbridge reflex	Francis Arthur Bainbridge	cardiology	normal physiology		increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume
B	Balbiani rings	Edouard-Gérard Balbiani			(needed)
B	Ballance's sign	Charles Alfred Ballance	general surgery	abdominal/splenic trauma	(needed)	percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive rsonance right flank
B	Bárány test	Robert Bárány	ENT,neurology	vertigo, vestibulsr dysfunction	(needed)	nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal
B	Barlow's maneuver	Sir Thomas Barlow, 1st Baronet	paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery	hip dysplasia	(needed)	dislocation on adduction of hip
B	Bart hemoglobin	Barts Hospital	Obstetrics, pathology	indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns	(needed)	Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin)
B	Bastian-Bruns sign	Henry Charlton Bastian, Ludwig Bruns	neurology	spinal cord transection	(needed)	loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level
B	Battle's sign	William Henry Battle	neurosurgery/traumatology	basal skull fracture		mastoid ecchymosis
B	Beau's lines	Joseph Honoré Simon Beau	dermatology, internal medicine	multiple, including trauma		transverse ridges on nails
B	Beck's triad	Claude Schaeffer Beck	cardiology	cardiac tamponade		hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds
B	Becker's sign	Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker	ophthalmology, endocrinology	thyrotoxicosis	(needed)	visible pulsation of retinal arteries
B	Beevor's sign	Charles Edward Beevor	neurology, neurosurgery	spinal trauma at T10, als,fsmd		caudal movement of navel on cervical flexion
B	Bekhterev- Jacobsohn reflex	Vladimir Bekhterev, Louis Jacobsohn	neurology			stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion
B	Bekhterev-Mendel reflex	Vladimir Bekhterev, Kurt Mendel	neurology	pyramidal tract lesions	(needed)	toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot
B	Bence Jones protein	Henry Bence Jones	hematology	multiple myeloma
B	Benedict solution	Stanley Rossiter Benedict	endocrinology	diabetes mellitus		reagent for presence of monosaccharides
B	Berger wave (rhythm)	Hans Berger	neurology	normal physiology	(needed)	electroencephalographic alpha wave
B	Bezold-Jarisch reflex	Albert von Bezold, Adolf Jarisch	pharmacology, toxicology	effect of certain alkaloids	(needed)	apnea, bradycardia, hypotension
B	Bielschowsky's tilt test	Alfred Bielschowsky	neurology, ophthalmology	lesions of cranial nerve iv	(needed)	test for palsy of superior oblique
B	Bing's sign	Paul Robert Bing	neurology,ENT	hearing loss	(needed)	see Rinne test
B	Biot's respiration	C. Biot	neurology	brain stem herniation		quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea
B	Bitot's spots	Pierre Bitot	ophthalmology	vitamin A deficiency		spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva
B	Bjerrum scotoma	Jannik Peterson Bjerrum	ophthalmology	glaucoma	(needed)	comet shaped visual field defect,extending temporally from the physiological blind spot
B	Blumberg sign	Jacob Moritz Blumberg	surgery	peritonitis		rebound tenderness
B	Boas' point	Ismar Isidor Boas	gastroenterology	gastric ulcer	(needed)	dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12
B	Boas' sign	Ismar Isidor Boas	gastroenterology	acute cholecystitis		dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula
B	Bodansky unit	Meyer Bodansky			(needed)
B	Boston's sign	L.N. Boston	ophthalmology, endocrinology	thyrotoxicosis		spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze
B	Bouchard's nodes	Charles-Joseph Bouchard	rheumatology	osteoarthritis		bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints
B	Bracht-Wachter bodies	Erich Franz Eugen Bracht, H. Wächter	cardiology	infective endocarditis		yellow-white spots in the myocardium
B	Branham's sign	Henry Branham			(needed)	pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia
B	Braxton Hicks contraction	John Braxton Hicks	obstetrics	normal pregnancy		"false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester
B	Brewer infarcts	George Emerson Brewer	nephrology, pathology	pyelonephritis	(needed)	dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts
B	Broadbent inverted sign	Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet	cardiology	L atrial hypertrophy	(needed)	systole palpable in posterior chest wall
B	Brissaud's reflex	Édouard Brissaud	neurology		(needed)	plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae
B	Broadbent sign	Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet	cardiology	adhesive pericarditis	(needed)	recession of L inferior intercostal spaces
B	Broca aphasia	Paul Broca	neurology, neuropsychology	developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas		expressive aphasia
B	Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test	Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie,bt., Friedrich Trendelenburg	general medicine, surgery	varicose veins		superficial vein is percussed proximally;if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present.
B	Brodie-Trendelenburg test	Benjamin Collins Brodie, Friedrich Trendelenburg	general medicine,surgery	varicose veins		identifies level of valvular incompetence
B	Brudzinski neck sign	Józef Brudziński	neurology	meningitis		neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion
B	Brudzinski cheek sign	Józef Brudzinski	neurology	meningitis		pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm
B	Brudzinski symphiseal sign	Józef Brudzinski	neurology	meningitis		pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction
B	Brudzinski reflex	Józef Brudzinski	neurology	meningitis		passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee
B	Bruit de Roger	Henri-Louis Roger	paediatric cardiology	ventricular septal defect	(needed)	loud pansystolic murmur
B	Bruns ataxia	Ludwig Bruns	neurology	frontal lobe lesions	(needed)	difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards
B	Brushfield spots	Thomas Brushfield	ophthalmology, genetics	Downs' syndrome or non-pathological		greyish-white spots at periphery of iris
B	Burton line	Henry Burton	toxicology	lead poisoning	NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06	Blue discolouration of the gingival border
C	Cabot rings	Richard Cabot	hematology	lead poisoning, anaemias		threadlike strands in erythrocytes
C	Caput medusae	Medusa	gastroenterology, surgery	portal hypertension		distended veins radiating from umbilicus
C	Cardarelli's sign	Antonio Cardarelli	cardiology, thoracic surgery	aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour		left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same
C	Carey Coombs murmur	Carey Coombs	cardiology,rheumatology	rheumatic fever	(needed)	mid-diastolic rumble
C	Carnett's test	John Carnett	primary care, surgery	abdominal mass and/or pain	Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599	supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain - abdominal wall ;↓ pain - intraperitoneal
C	Carvallo sign	José Carvallo			(needed)
C	Casal collar	Gaspar Casal	nutrition	pellagra (niacin deficiency)		widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes
C	Casoni test	Tommaso Casoni	infectious disease, tropical medicine	hydatid disease	(needed)	intradermal antigen
C	Celsus signs of inflammation	Aulus Cornelius Celsus	various	inflammation		1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Caldor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain)
C	Chaddock reflex	Charles Gilbert Chaddock	neurology	pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions		extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus
C	Chadwick sign	James Read Chadwick	obstetrics	pregnancy		cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix
C	Charcot's triad	Jean-Martin Charcot	surgery	ascending cholangitis		jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain
C	Charcot's Triad	Jean-Martin Charcot	neurology	multiple sclerosis		nystagmus, intention tremor ,staccato speech
C	Charcot-Leyden crystals	Jean-Martin Charcot, Ernst Viktor von Leyden	pathology	any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. ascariasis		lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues
C	Cheyne-Stokes respiration	John Cheyne, William Stokes	palliative care
C	Churchill-Cope reflex	Edward Delos Churchill, Oliver Cope			(needed)
C	Chvostek's sign	František Chvostek	endocrinology	hypocalcemia		tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)
C	Claybrook sign	Edwin Claybrook	emergency medicine, surgery	blunt abdominal trauma	(needed)	heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus
C	Clutton's joints	Henry Hugh Clutton	paediatrics	hereditary syphilis	(needed)	painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees
C	Codman's triangle	Ernest Armory Codman	oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology	osteosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma		triangular subperiosteal growth
C	Comby sign	Jules Comby	paediatrics	rubeola	(needed)	whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa
C	Coombs test	Robin Coombs	hematology	hemolytic anemia
C	Coons fluorescent antibody method	Albert Coons			(needed)
C	Corrigan pulse	Dominic John Corrigan	cardiology	aortic insufficiency		carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases
C	Councilman body	William Councilman	infectious disease	yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers		eosinophilic globules in liver
C	Courvoisier's law	Ludwig Georg Courvoisier	gastroenterology	obstructive jaundice		palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis
C	Crichton-Browne sign	Sir James Crichton-Browne	neuropsychiatry	'general paresis'	(needed)	tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus
C	Crowe sign	Samuel Crowe	dermatology (?)	neurofibromatosis type I		axillary freckling
C	Cruveilhier-Baumgarten bruit	Jean Cruveilhier, Paul Clemens von Baumgarten	internal medicine	cirrhosis;portal hypertension	(needed)	periumbilical hum
C	Cullen's sign	Thomas Cullen	surgery	intraabdominal haemorrhage		ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis
C	Curschmann spirals	Hans Curschmann
C	Cushing's triad	Harvey Cushing	neurology	raised intracranial pressure		elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration
D	Dagher Maneuver	Nabil Dagher	trauma surgery	penetrating pelvic trauma		bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum
D	Dahl's sign	?	pulmonology	COPD		pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)
D	Dalrymple sign	John Dalrymple	ophthalmology, endocrinology	thyrotoxicosis		widened palpebral opening
D	Dance's sign	Jean-Baptiste Hippolyte Dance	(paediatric)surgery	ileo-cecal intussusception		empty LLQ (retracted iliac fossa)
D	Darier's sign	?	allergy,dermatology	urticaria pigmentosa		dermatographia
D	Dawson's fingers	james walker dawson	neurology	multiple sclerosis		characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy
D	De Musset's sign	?	cardiology	aortic insufficiency		head nodding in time with heartbeat
D	Dennie's lines also Dennie's fold	?	dermatology	atopic dermatitis	()	accentuated fold in the inferior palpebrum
D	Destot's sign	?	orthopaedic surgery	pelvic fracture		ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh
D	Dix-Hallpike test	?	general medicine	Otoconia crystals in inner ear		Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position is indicative of a condition known as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
D	Döhle bodies -	Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle	pathology	various including trauma and neoplasm		basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils
D	Doi's sign	?
D	Dunphy sign	?	surgery	appendicitis		increase in abdominal pain on coughing
D	Duroziez's sign	?	cardiology	aortic insufficiency		double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign)
E	Elschnig spots	Anton Elschnig	ophthalmology	hypertensive retinopathy
E	Epstein's pearls	?	paediatrics	normal newborn		cystic papules on palate
E	Ewart's sign	?	cardiology	pericardial effusion		percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip
F	Finkelstein's test	Harry Finkelstein	rheumatology	DeQuervain's tenosynovitis
F	Forschimer spots	?			(needed)
F	Fothergill's sign	?
F	Fox's sign	George Henry Fox	gastroenterology	haemorrhagic pancreatitis	(needed)	ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)
F	Frank's sign	?			(needed)
F	Friedreich's sign	?	cardiology	constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency		collapse of distended neck veins at diastole
F	Froment's sign	Jules Froment	neurology	ulnar nerve palsy		patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed
Gaenslen's test
G	Gallavardin phenomenon	?	cardiology	aortic stenosis	(needed)	dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur
G	Gandy-Gamma nodules	?			(needed)
G	Gerhardt's sign	Carl Jakob Adolph Christian Gerhardt				controversial: see references
G	Goetz sign	?			(needed)
G	Gond's maneuver	?			(needed)
G	Goodell's sign	?	obstetrics
G	Goodsall's rule	?	gastroenterology, general surgery	anal fistula		anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types
G	Gordon's maneuver	?			(needed)
G	Gottron's papules	?	rheumatology	dermatomyositis		roseate discolouration over knuckles
G	Gowers' sign (Gowers' maneuver)	William Richard Gowers	neurology	muscular dystrophy
G	Graham Steell murmur	?			(needed)
G	Grey Turner's sign	George Grey Turner	surgery	retroperitoneal hemorrhage		flank ecchymosis
G	Griffith's sign	?			(needed)
G	Grotton's lesions	?			(needed)
G	Gunn's sign	?			(needed)
H	Hamman's sign	Louis Hamman	thoracic surgery	oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum		crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration
H	Hampton's hump	Aubrey Otis Hampton	pulmonolgy, radiology	pulmonary embolus w/ infarct		wedge shaped consolidation at periphery w/ base distal
H	Hannington-Kiff sign	?			(needed)
H	Harrison's groove	?
H	Hatchcock's sign	?	paediatrics, infectious disease	mumps	(needed)	tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident)
H	Heberden's node	William Heberden	rheumatology	osteoarthritis		same as bouchard's nodes, but over dip joints
H	Hegar's sign	Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar	obstetrics	normal pregnancy		softening of cervical isthmus appearin between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)
H	Hess test	?			(needed)
H	Hippocratic face	Hippocrates	palliative care	impending death
H	Hippocratic fingers	Hippocrates	pulmonary medicine	chronic hypoxia		clubbing of distal phalanges
H	Hirschberg test	Julius Hirschberg	ophthalmology	strabismus		corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil
H	Hoffman's sign	Johann Hoffman	neurology	corticospinal tract lesions		tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb
H	Hollenhorst plaque	Robert Hollenhorst	ophthalmology	hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes		cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies)
H	Homan's sign	John Homans		deep venous thrombosis		knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed,popliteal pain
H	Hoover's sign	Charles F. Hoover	neurology, psychiatry	lower extremety paresis	(needed)	differentiates organic from non-organic etiology
H	Howship-Romberg sign	?			(needed)
H	Hutchinson freckle	?			(needed)
H	Hutchinson pupil	?			(needed)
H	Hutchinson's sign	?			(needed)
H	Hutchinson's teeth also Hutchinson's incisors	Sir Jonathan Hutchinson	pediatrics	congenital syphilis		small,widely spaced incisors,w/ notched biting surfaces
H	Hutchinson's triad	Sir Jonathan Hutchinson	[paediatrics	congenital syphilis		interstitial keratitis,nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth
J	Janeway lesion	Theodore Caldwell Janeway	cardiology	infective endocarditis		palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules
J	Jendrassik maneuver	Ernő Jendrassik	neurology	hyporeflexia		compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction
J	Joffroy sign	?
J	John Thomas sign aka Throckmorton sign	N/A	radiology	various, including Reiter's syndrome	(needed)	penile shadow points at affected hip (+) or unaffected hip (-) (2)
J	Jolly test	Friedrich Jolly	neurology	myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome	(needed)	sources conflict on procedure, but agree it is to differentiate these disorders
J	Jones criteria	?			(needed)
K	Kanavel's sign	?	orthopedics,rheumatology	tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon	http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM	(1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit.
K	Kayser-Fleischer ring	?	neurology,gastroenterology	Wilson's disease(hepatolenticular degeneration)		ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction
K	Kehr's sign	Hans Kehr	trauma surgery	ruptured spleen		referred pain to L shoulder
K	Kelly's sign	Howard Atwood Kelly	surgery		(needed)	visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same)
K	Kerley lines	Peter Kerley	radiology	pulmonary edema
K	Kernig's sign	Woldemar Kernig	neurology	meningism,meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage		hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus
K	Koebner's phenomenon	Heinrich Koebner	dermatology	various conditions
K	Koeppe's nodules	Leonhard Koeppe	ophthalmology	uveitis		granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin
K	Koplik's spots	Henry Koplik	pediatrics	measles
K	Korotkoff sounds	Nikolai Korotkov	cardiology	auscultatory sphygmomanometry		Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound,and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible,corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however,see:Auscultatory gap)
K	Kussmaul breathing or respiration	Adolph Kussmaul	endocrinology	metabolic acidosis		laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency
K	Kussmaul's sign	Adolph Kussmaul	cardiology	various, including right side failure		increased jugular distension on inspiration
K	Kveim test	Morten Ansgar Kveim	pulmonary medicine	sarcoidosis		intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete
L	Lachman maneuver	John Lachman	orthopedic surgery	anterior cruciate ligament injury		modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion
L	Ladin's sign	?	obstetrics	normal pregnancy		softening of uterus; same as Hegar's sign
L	Lancisi's sign	?
L	Lasègue's sign	Charles Lasègue	neurosurgery, orthpaedic surgery	lumbar disc lesions, sciatica		better known as straight leg raise test
L	Leopold's maneuver	?	obstetrics			determination of fetal lie
L	Leser-Trelat sign	?	internal medicine	malignant neoplasm		sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses
L	Levine's sign	?
L	Lhermitte's sign	Jean Lhermitte	neurology
L	Lisch nodule	Karl Lisch	ophthalmology	type I neurofibromatosis		yellow brown hamartomata on iris
L	Lisker's sign	?	internal medicine	deep venous thrombosis		tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia
L	Litten's sign	?	cardiology	infective endocarditis	eMedicine	cotton-wool exudate in the retina
L	Louvel's sign	?	internal medicine	deep venous thrombosis	(needed)	valsalva (cough, sneeze)increases pain along course of suspect vein;proximal pressure prevents this
L	Lowenberg's sign	?		deep vein thrombosis
M	MacDonald triad	John M. MacDonald	psychiatry	sociopathic personality disorder		eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour
M	Macewen's sign	Sir William Macewen	neurology, neurosurgery	hydrocephalus, brain abscess		resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture
M	Magnan's sign	?			(needed)
M	Mantoux test	Charles Mantoux	infectious disease	tuberculosis		intradermal protein derivative - diameter of wheal evaluated
M	Marcus Gunn pupil	Robert Marcus Gunn	ophthalmology, neurology	severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm		reduced pupillary response when light swings from affected side
M	Marie's sign	?			(needed)
M	Markle sign	?			(needed)
M	Mayne's sign	?			(needed)
M	McBurney's point	Charles McBurney	surgery	appendicitis		2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)
M	McConnell's sign	?	cardiology	pulmonary embolus	(needed)
M	McDonald's sign	?			(needed)
M	McMurray test	Thomas Porter McMurray	orthopaedics	meniscal tear		knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click
M	Means-Lerman scratch	?			(needed)
M	Mees' lines	R.A. Mees	toxicology	arsenic or heavy metal poisoning		transverse white lines across the nails
M	Mentzer index	?	hematology	microcytic anemia		differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia
M	Miller-Fisher test	?			(needed)
M	Monash sign	?			(needed)
M	Möbius's sign	?			(needed)
M	Muehrckle's nails	?			(needed)
M	Mulder's sign	?			(needed)
M	Müller's maneuver	?
M	Müller's sign	Friedrich Müller	cardiology	aortic insufficiency		visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula
M	Murphy's punch sign	John B. Murphy		perinephric abscess
M	Murphy's sign	John B. Murphy	surgery	cholecystitis		hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated
M	Myerson's sign	?	neurology	Parkinson's disease		inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed
N	Naegele's rule	Franz Karl Naegele	gynecology	gestation		method of estimating due date
N	Nardi test	George Nardi	gastroenterology	dysfunction of sphincter of Oddi		administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use
N	Nikolsky's sign	?	dermatology	various,including pemphigus vulgaris		mild shear stress applied to skin, bulla forms
O	O'Brien's test	?			(needed)
O	O'Donoghue's triad	D. O'Donoghue	orthopaedics, sports medicine	knee injury		coincidence of anterior cruciate injury,medial collateral injury and meniscal tear
O	Oliver's sign	William S. Oliver	cardiology	aortic arch aneurysm		caudal movement of trachea with systole
O	Oppenheim's sign	?			(needed)
O	Ortolani's sign	Marino Ortolani	pediatrics & orthopedics	congenital hip dislocation	/ortolanis_test_for_congenital_hip_dislocation
O	Osborn wave	J.J. Osborn	cardiology, emergency medicine	hypothermia		positive deflection at QRS-ST junction
O	Osler's node	Sir William Osler,bt.	internal medicine	various, including SBE and SLE		painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces
O	Osler's sign	Sir William Osler, 1st baronet Osler	internal medicine	atherosclerosis		falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels
P	Palla's sign	?			(needed)
P	Pastia's sign	Dominic Pastia	paediatrics	scarlet fever	(needed) (Associated with Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes)	lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases
P	Patrick's test	?		sacroiliitis
P	Pemberton's sign	?	thoracic surgery	retrosternal mass w/ superior vena cava syndrome		arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor
P	Phalen's maneuver	George Phalen	physiatry, rheumatology, hand surgery	carpal tunnel syndrome		30-60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms
P	Piskacek's sign	?	obstetrics	normal pregnancy	(needed)	palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7-8 weeks
P	Plummer's nail	?			(needed)
P	Pratt's sign	?	internal medicine	deep venous thrombosis	(needed)	pain elicited by compression of posterior calf
Q	Queckenstedt's maneuver	?		spinal stenosis
Q	Quincke's sign	?	cardio;ogy	aortic insufficiency		visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed
R	Reynolds' pentad	B.M. Reynolds	gastroenterology	ascending cholangitis		Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state
R	Riesman's sign	?			(needed)
R	Rigler's sign aka double wall sign	Leo G. Rigler	radiology, abdominal surgery	pneumoperitoneum		gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel
R	Rinne test	Heinrich Rinne	ENT,neurology,audiometry	hearing loss		comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness
R	Romana's sign	Cecilio Romana	tropical medicine	Chagas' disease		painless unilateral periorbital swelling
R	Romberg test	Moritz H. Romberg	neurology, other	dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, etoh intoxication		differentiates proprioceptive from cerebellar ataxia
R	Rosenbach's sign	?			(needed)
R	Roth's spots	?	ophthalmolgy, internal medicine	various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides	(needed)	retinal haemorrhages w/ pale centres
R	Rovsing's sign	Niels Rovsing Kimpel	eneral surgery	appendicitis		palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ
R	Rumpel-Leede sign	?			(needed)
R	Russell's sign	?	psychiatry	bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa		scarring of the dorsum of one hand(contact with incisors when purging)
S	Salus's sign	?			(needed)
S	Schafer's maneuver	?			(needed)
S	Schamroth's window test	Leo Schamroth	pulmonolgy,cardiology	chronic hypoxia		identifies clubbing of distal phalanges
S	Schilling test	?	internal medicine, gastroenteroogy	pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders		B12 radioassay;rare
S	Schirmer's test	?	ophthalmology	keratoconjunctivitis sicca,as in Sjogren's syndrome		quantifies lacrimal secretion
S	Schober test	Paul Schober	physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics	various disorders of lumbar vertebrae		quantifies lumbar flexion
S	Shone's complex	?			(needed)
S	Siegrist streaks	August Siegrist	ophthalmology	malignant hypertension		hyperpigmented sreaks parallel to choroidal vessels
S	Sims-Huhner test	?			(needed)
S	Simmonds' test	Franklin A. Simmonds	orthopaedics	Achilles' tendon rupture		squeezing of calf fails to produce plantarflexion if A. tendon is ruptured
S	Sister Mary Joseph sign (Sister Mary Joseph nodule)	Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey)	oncology	various abdominal malignancies		palpable lymph node in the umbilicus
S	Spurling's test	?			(needed)
S	Stellwag's sign	Karl Stellwag von Carion	ophthalmology, endocrinology	thyrotoxicosis		infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by Dalrymple's sign
S	Still's murmur	?	paediatric cardiology	subaortic stenosis, small VSD		systolic ejection sound ;vibratory/musical;best heard at left lower sternal border
S	Stransky's sign	?			(needed)
S	Stroop test	John R. Stroop	neuropsychology	various, including ADHD and schizophrenia		reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue)
S	Strümpell's sign	Adolph Strümpell	neurology	spastic pareses of the lower extremity	(needed)	failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot
T	Terry's nails	?	internal medicine	various including hepatic failure		white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula
T	Tinel's sign	Jules Tinel	neurology	neuritis, compression disorders		'DTP' - distal tingling on percussion
T	Todd's paresis	Robert Bentley Todd	neurology	seizure disorders		focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure
T	Traube's sign	Ludwig Traube	various	splenomegaly		dull percussion sound over Traube's space
T	Trendelenburg's sign	Friedrich Trendelenburg	neurology,physiatry	superior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip adductors weakness		pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg'
T	Trousseau's sign of malignancy	Armand Trousseau	internal medicine	various malignancies, including pancreatic		spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation
T	Trousseau's sign of latent tetany	Armand Trousseau	internal medicine,endocrinology	hypocalcaemia		in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm
U	Uhthoff's phenomenon	Wilhelm Uhthoff	neurology	multiple sclerosis		↑ in neurological symptoms w/ exercise
U	Unterberger test	Siegfried Unterberger	neurology, ENT	vestibular lesions		patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side
V	Virchow's triad	Rudolf Virchow	hematology	etiology of thrombosis
V	Von Braun-Fernwalds sign	?			(needed)
V	Von Graefe sign	?	endocrinology	goiter		' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze
W	Wada test	Juhn A. Wada	neurology	epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum		short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid;lateralizes language function
W	Waddell's signs	G. Waddell	primary care, psychiatry	chronic pain		identify non-organic sources of low back pain
W	Waddell's triad	?	paediatric trauma	pedestrian stuck by motor vehicle		Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral trauma
W	Watson's water hammer pulse	?	cadiology	various, including aortic insufficiency		bounding forceful pulse elicitd with postural manoeuvres
W	Whipple's triad	Allen Whipple	endocrinology	hypoglycemia		1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms w/ administration of glucose p.o. or iv
W	Wickham's striae	Louis Frédéric Wickham	dermatology	lichen planus		white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions
W	Widal test	Georges-Fernand Widal		salmonella spp. brucella spp.		serum agglutination; obsolete(?)
W	Winterbottom's sign	?	tropical medicine	trypanosomiasis		posterior cervical chain adenopathy
W	Wolff-Parkinson-White triad	?			(needed)
W	Wright's maneuver	?			(needed)
Yeoman's test

Notes

(1) If the palmar arch is not present,radial artery stick for blood gasses is contraindicated.

(2) It is important for the reader to see the article or the external link.

See also

• Pathognomonic