Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius, c.345-c.405, Roman government official and orator. Educated in Gaul, he held several official positions, including the consulship in 391. He is best known for his report to the emperor Valentinian II in 384 in which he argued for the retention of the old Roman religion in official state functions. His eloquent defense of ancient religious customs in the face of the inroads made by Christianity was successfully opposed by St. Ambrose. His official correspondence was later collected by his son.

Symmachus can refer to several different people of Roman antiquity.

• Symmachus the Ebionite (late 2nd century CE), was the author of one of the Greek versions of the Old Testament.
• Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, c.340–c.402, was a Roman politician.

Or:

• Pope Symmachus, pope from 498 to 514.

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Greek-English Lexicon of Symmachus' Translation of Hebrew Biblical Books (project in progress)