Subjects of Contemplation

Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Autonomous okrugs, while federal subjects in their own right, are, at the same time, considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception).

Types of federal subjects of Russia

Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:

	21 republics (республики, sing. республика; respubliki, sing. respublika)—nominally autonomous, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is meant to be home to a specific ethnic minority.
	46 oblasts (provinces) (области, sing. область; oblasti, sing. oblast)—most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after the oblast center—the largest city in the oblast, its administrative center.
	9 krais (territories) (края, sing. край; kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being less common)—essentially the same as oblasts. The title "territory" is historic, originally given because they were once considered frontier regions.
	1 autonomous oblast (autonomous province) (автономная область; avtonomnaya oblast) (The Jewish Autonomous Oblast)
	4 autonomous okrugs (autonomous districts) (автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug)—more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
	2 federal cities (cities under direct jurisdiction of the Federation) (федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod)—major cities that function as separate regions.

List of federal subjects

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Code	RU	Type	Name	Capital or administrative center	Federal district	Economic region	Area (km²)
01	AD	Republic	Republic of Adygea	Maykop	Southern	North Caucasus	7,600	447,109
02	BA	Republic	Republic of Bashkortostan	Ufa	Volga	Urals	143,600	4,104,336
03	BU	Republic	Buryat Republic	Ulan-Ude	Siberian	East Siberian	351,300	981,238
04	AL	Republic	Altai Republic	Gorno-Altaysk	Siberian	West Siberian	92,600	202,947
05	DA	Republic	Republic of Dagestan	Makhachkala	Southern	North Caucasus	50,300	2,576,531
06	IN	Republic	Republic of Ingushetia	Magas	Southern	North Caucasus	4,000	467,294
07	KB	Republic	Kabardino-Balkar Republic	Nalchik	Southern	North Caucasus	12,500	901,494
08	KL	Republic	Republic of Kalmykia	Elista	Southern	Volga	76,100	292,410
09	KC	Republic	Karachay-Cherkess Republic	Cherkessk	Southern	North Caucasus	14,100	439,470
10	KR	Republic	Republic of Karelia	Petrozavodsk	Northwestern	Northern	172,400	716,281
11	KO	Republic	Komi Republic	Syktyvkar	Northwestern	Northern	415,900	1,018,674
12	ME	Republic	Mari El Republic	Yoshkar-Ola	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	23,200	727,979
13	MO	Republic	Republic of Mordovia	Saransk	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	26,200	888,766
14	SA	Republic	Sakha (Yakutia) Republic	Yakutsk	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	3,103,200	949,280
15	SE	Republic	Republic of North Ossetia-Alania	Vladikavkaz	Southern	North Caucasus	8,000	710,275
16	TA	Republic	Republic of Tatarstan	Kazan	Volga	Volga	68,000	3,779,265
17	TY	Republic	Tyva Republic	Kyzyl	Siberian	East Siberian	170,500	305,510
18	UD	Republic	Udmurt Republic	Izhevsk	Volga	Urals	42,100	1,570,316
19	KK	Republic	Republic of Khakassia	Abakan	Siberian	East Siberian	61,900	546,072
20	CE	Republic	Chechen Republic	Grozny	Southern	North Caucasus	15,300	1,103,686
21	CU	Republic	Chuvash Republic	Cheboksary	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	18,300	1,313,754
22	ALT	Krai	Altai Krai	Barnaul	Siberian	West Siberian	169,100	2,607,426
92	—	Krai	Zabaykalsky Krai	Chita	Siberian	East Siberian	431,500	1,155,346
91	KAM	Krai	Kamchatka Krai	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	472,300	358,801
23	KDA	Krai	Krasnodar Krai	Krasnodar	Southern	North Caucasus	76,000	5,125,221
24	KYA	Krai	Krasnoyarsk Krai	Krasnoyarsk	Siberian	East Siberian	2,339,700	2,966,042
90	PER	Krai	Perm Krai	Perm	Volga	Urals	160,600	2,819,421
25	PRI	Krai	Primorsky Krai	Vladivostok	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	165,900	2,071,210
26	STA	Krai	Stavropol Krai	Stavropol	Southern	North Caucasus	66,500	2,735,139
27	KHA	Krai	Khabarovsk Krai	Khabarovsk	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	788,600	1,436,570
28	AMU	Oblast	Amur Oblast	Blagoveshchensk	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	363,700	902,844
29	ARK	Oblast	Arkhangelsk Oblast	Arkhangelsk	Northwestern	Northern	587,400	1,336,539
30	AST	Oblast	Astrakhan Oblast	Astrakhan	Southern	Volga	44,100	1,005,276
31	BEL	Oblast	Belgorod Oblast	Belgorod	Central	Central Black Earth	27,100	1,511,620
32	BRY	Oblast	Bryansk Oblast	Bryansk	Central	Central	34,900	1,378,941
33	VLA	Oblast	Vladimir Oblast	Vladimir	Central	Central	29,000	1,523,990
34	VGG	Oblast	Volgograd Oblast	Volgograd	Southern	Volga	113,900	2,699,223
35	VLG	Oblast	Vologda Oblast	Vologda	Northwestern	Northern	145,700	1,269,568
36	VOR	Oblast	Voronezh Oblast	Voronezh	Central	Central Black Earth	52,400	2,378,803
37	IVA	Oblast	Ivanovo Oblast	Ivanovo	Central	Central	21,800	1,148,329
38	IRK	Oblast	Irkutsk Oblast	Irkutsk	Siberian	East Siberian	767,900	2,581,705
39	KGD	Oblast	Kaliningrad Oblast	Kaliningrad	Northwestern	Kaliningrad	15,100	955,281
40	KLU	Oblast	Kaluga Oblast	Kaluga	Central	Central	29,900	1,041,641
42	KEM	Oblast	Kemerovo Oblast	Kemerovo	Siberian	West Siberian	95,500	2,899,142
43	KIR	Oblast	Kirov Oblast	Kirov	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	120,800	1,503,529
44	KOS	Oblast	Kostroma Oblast	Kostroma	Central	Central	60,100	736,641
45	KGN	Oblast	Kurgan Oblast	Kurgan	Urals	Urals	71,000	1,019,532
46	KRS	Oblast	Kursk Oblast	Kursk	Central	Central Black Earth	29,800	1,235,091
47	LEN	Oblast	Leningrad Oblast	St. Petersburg	Northwestern	Northwestern	84,500	1,669,205
48	LIP	Oblast	Lipetsk Oblast	Lipetsk	Central	Central Black Earth	24,100	1,213,499
49	MAG	Oblast	Magadan Oblast	Magadan	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	461,400	182,726
50	MOS	Oblast	Moscow Oblast	Moscow	Central	Central	45,900	6,618,538
51	MUR	Oblast	Murmansk Oblast	Murmansk	Northwestern	Northern	144,900	892,534
52	NIZ	Oblast	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	Nizhny Novgorod	Volga	Volga-Vyatka	76,900	3,524,028
53	NGR	Oblast	Novgorod Oblast	Veliky Novgorod	Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	694,355
54	NVS	Oblast	Novosibirsk Oblast	Novosibirsk	Siberian	West Siberian	178,200	2,692,251
55	OMS	Oblast	Omsk Oblast	Omsk	Siberian	West Siberian	139,700	2,079,220
56	ORE	Oblast	Orenburg Oblast	Orenburg	Volga	Urals	124,000	2,179,551
57	ORL	Oblast	Oryol Oblast	Oryol	Central	Central	24,700	860,262
58	PNZ	Oblast	Penza Oblast	Penza	Volga	Volga	43,200	1,452,941
60	PSK	Oblast	Pskov Oblast	Pskov	Northwestern	Northwestern	55,300	760,810
61	ROS	Oblast	Rostov Oblast	Rostov-on-Don	Southern	North Caucasus	100,800	4,404,013
62	RYA	Oblast	Ryazan Oblast	Ryazan	Central	Central	39,600	1,227,910
63	SAM	Oblast	Samara Oblast	Samara	Volga	Volga	53,600	3,239,737
64	SAR	Oblast	Saratov Oblast	Saratov	Volga	Volga	100,200	2,668,310
65	SAK	Oblast	Sakhalin Oblast	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	87,100	546,695
66	SVE	Oblast	Sverdlovsk Oblast	Yekaterinburg	Urals	Urals	194,800	4,486,214
67	SMO	Oblast	Smolensk Oblast	Smolensk	Central	Central	49,800	1,049,574
68	TAM	Oblast	Tambov Oblast	Tambov	Central	Central Black Earth	34,300	1,178,443
69	TVE	Oblast	Tver Oblast	Tver	Central	Central	84,100	1,471,459
70	TOM	Oblast	Tomsk Oblast	Tomsk	Siberian	West Siberian	316,900	1,046,039
71	TUL	Oblast	Tula Oblast	Tula	Central	Central	25,700	1,675,758
72	TYU	Oblast	Tyumen Oblast	Tyumen	Urals	West Siberian	1,435,200	3,264,841
73	ULY	Oblast	Ulyanovsk Oblast	Ulyanovsk	Volga	Volga	37,300	1,382,811
74	CHE	Oblast	Chelyabinsk Oblast	Chelyabinsk	Urals	Urals	87,900	3,603,339
76	YAR	Oblast	Yaroslavl Oblast	Yaroslavl	Central	Central	36,400	1,367,398
77	MOW	Federal city	Moscow	—	Central	Central	1,100	10,382,754
78	SPE	Federal city	Saint Petersburg	—	Northwestern	Northwestern	600	4,662,547
79	YEV	Autonomous oblast	Jewish Autonomous Oblast	Birobidzhan	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	36,000	190,915
83	NEN	Autonomous okrug	Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Naryan-Mar	Northwestern	Northern	176,700	41,546
86	KHM	Autonomous okrug	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra	Khanty-Mansiysk	Urals	West Siberian	523,100	1,432,817
87	CHU	Autonomous okrug	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	Anadyr	Far Eastern	Far Eastern	737,700	53,824
89	YAN	Autonomous okrug	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	Salekhard	Urals	West Siberian	750,300	507,006

Mergers

Plans existed to merge some of the federal subjects into larger territories, which started in December 2005. No new mergers have been planned since March 2008.

Date of referendum	Date of merger	Merger
December 7, 2003	December 1, 2005	Perm Oblast + Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug → Perm Krai
April 17, 2005	January 1, 2007	Krasnoyarsk Krai + Evenk Autonomous Okrug + Taymyr Autonomous Okrug → Krasnoyarsk Krai
October 23, 2005	July 1, 2007	Kamchatka Oblast + Koryak Autonomous Okrug → Kamchatka Krai
April 16, 2006	January 1, 2008	Irkutsk Oblast + Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Irkutsk Oblast
March 11, 2007	March 1, 2008	Chita Oblast + Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug → Zabaykalsky Krai