Sind is a former province of British India from 1936 to 1947 and Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. Under the British, it comprised of the current territorial limits excluding the princely state of Khairpur with the capital at Karachi. After Pakistan's creation, the province lost the city of Karachi, as it became the capital of the newly created country.

Location

The province was bordered by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to south and east, the princely states of Bahawalpur and Khairpur to the northeast and Karachi and the princely states of Kalat and Las Bela to the west. On the southwest lay the Arabian Sea but the coast was mostly composed of the Indus delta.

History

1936-1947

After conquest by the British in 1843 Sind had been part of the Bombay Presidency, however on 1936-04-01 Sind Division was separated from the Bombay Presidency and made into a province of British India.

1947-1955

The Partition of India and the departure of the British in 1947 led to the province of Sind becoming part of Pakistan. The province was merged into the province of West Pakistan in 1955 under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali.

Demographics

By the time of Partition in 1947 Sind had had a Muslim majority for centuries but there were significant minorities of Hindus throughout the province. In 1947 due to communal tensions and the influx of two million Muslim refugees from India many Hindus fled to India

The refugees from India were mostly Urdu speakers, and although the official language of Sind was Sindhi, the military government of Pakistan closed down Sindhi schools in big cities of Sindh and replaced those with Urdu schools.

Government

The offices of Governor of Sind and Chief Minister of Sind were established in 1936 when Sind became a province. This system would continue until 1955 when Sind was dissolved.

Tenure	Governor of Sind
1 April 1936	Province of Sind established
1 April 1936 – 1 August 1938	Sir Lancelot Graham (first time)
1 August 1938 – 1 December 1938	Joseph Garrett (acting)
1 December 1938 – 1 April 1941	Sir Lancelot Graham (2nd time)
1 April 1941 – 15 January 1946	Sir Hugh Dow
15 January 1946 – 14 August 1947	Sir Robert Francis Mudie
14 August 1947	Independence of Pakistan
14 August 1947 – 4 October 1948	Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
4 October 1948 – 19 November 1952	Sheikh Din Muhammad
19 November 1952 – 1 May 1953	Mian Aminuddin
1 May 1953 – 12 August 1953	George Baxandall Constantine
12 August 1953 – 23 June 1954	Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah
23 June 1954 – 14 October 1955	Iftikhar Hussain Khan
14 October 1955	Province of Sind dissolved

Tenure	Chief Minister of Sind	Political party
24 April 1937 – 23 March 1938	Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah	Muslim Political Party
23 March 1938 – 18 March 1940	Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (1st time)	Ittihad (Union) Party
18 March 1940 – 7 March 1941	Mir Band-e-Ali Khan Talpur	Muslim League
7 March 1941 – 14 October 1942	Shaheed Allah Bux Soomro (2nd time)	Ittihad (Union) Party
14 October 1942 – 14 August 1947	Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah	Muslim Political Party
14 August 1947	Independence of Pakistan
14 August 1947 – 28 April 1948	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (1st time)	Pakistan Muslim League
3 May 1948 – 4 February 1949	Pir Illahi Bakhsh	Pakistan Muslim League
18 February 1949 – 7 May 1950	Yusuf Haroon	Non-partisan
8 May 1950 – 24 March 1951	Qazi Fazlullah	Non-partisan
25 March 1951 – 29 December 1951	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (2nd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
29 December 1951 – 22 May 1953	Governor's rule
22 May 1953 – 8 November 1954	Pirzada Abdus Sattar	Pakistan Muslim League
9 November 1954 – 14 October 1955	Mohammad Ayub Khuhro (3rd time)	Pakistan Muslim League
14 October 1955	Province of Sind dissolved

See also

• Sindh
• Khairpur
• Karachi

References