SDP ran on the 2000 parliamentary election as a member of the vast Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) aimed at overthrowing the dominance of Slobodan Milosevic's SPS.
SDP ran on the list of the Democratic Party in the 2007 parliamentary election held on 21 January. It got three guaranteed seats of DS's 64 proclaimed when the National Assembly was constituted on 14 February.
SDP leader Rasim Ljajić was appointed Minister of Labour and Social Policies on May 2007 when the new Government of Serbia was elected by the parliament after a long and tense three months.