Salamis, ancient city on Cyprus, once the principal city. St. Paul visited it on his first missionary journey (Acts 13.5). Excavations there revealed the ruins of a Greek theater; there are also many Roman ruins. At nearby Enkomi, which preceded Salamis as the principal city of Cyprus, important Mycenaean remains have been found.

Salamis, island, E Greece, in the Saronic Gulf, W of Athens. It early belonged to Aegina but was later under Athenian control, except for a brief period after it was occupied (c.600 B.C.) by Megara. In the Persian Wars the allied Greek fleet, led by Themistocles, decisively defeated (480 B.C.) the Persians off Salamis.

Ancient city, Cyprus. Located on Cyprus's eastern coast, it had an active trade with Phoenicia, Egypt, and Cilicia. According to tradition, it was founded by Teucer, a hero of the Trojan War. A major Hellenic centre during the struggles between Greece and Persia, it was the scene of a Greek naval victory in 449 BC; in 306 BC the Macedonian king Demetrius I (Poliorcetes) defeated Ptolemy I (Soter) of Egypt near there. The city was visited later by SS Paul and Barnabas. It was known as Constantia after the Byzantine emperor Constantius II rebuilt it (AD 337–61). It was abandoned after its destruction by the Arabs in 647–48.

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