• Alexander Rumyantsev (officer) (1921-1977), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev (1680-1749), Russian diplomat
• Alexei Rumyantsev (histologist) (1889-1947), Soviet histologist
• Alexei Rumyantsev (economist) (1905-?), Soviet economist and academician
• Dmitry Rumyantsev (1914-1992), Soviet army officer and Hero of the Soviet Union
• Ivan Ivanovich Rumyantsev (1913-1994), Soviet politician and Hero of Socialist Labor
• Ivan Petrovich Rumyantsev (1886-1937), Soviet party figure
• Mikhail Nikolayevich Rumyantsev (1901-1983), Soviet clown, better known by his stage name Karandash
• Nikolay Petrovich Rumyantsev (1754 - 1826), Russian foreign minister
• Pyotr Rumyantsev (revolutionary) (1870-1925), Russian revolutionary
• Peter Alexandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky (1725-1796), Russian field marshal
• Sergei Rumyantsev (1755-1838), Russian count, statesman, and diplomat
• Valentin Vital'yevich Rumyantsev (1921-2007), Soviet scientist in the field of mechanics
• Alexander Rumyantsev (minister) (born 1945), Russian atomic energy minister (2001-2005)

Rumyantsev may also refer to

• Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev, a World War II military operation
• The Rumyantsev family, a prominent Russian family in the 18th and early 19th centuries