Roca, Julio Argentino, 1843-1914, general who became president of Argentina (1880-86, 1898-1904). Minister of war under Nicolas Avellaneda, he crushed (1878-79) the Patagonians, bringing the wars against indigenous peoples to a close and opening the Pampas for colonization. During his first administration, Buenos Aires was made the national capital, resolving the conflict over central rule. It was a time of accelerated immigration, railway construction, exceptional economic growth, financial speculation and, increasingly, government corruption. Roca's second administration was marked by recovery from the crisis caused by the misgovernment of Miguel Juárez Celman. In particular, currency was stabilized. The boundary dispute with Chile was settled in 1902, and peace between the nations was symbolized in the Christ of the Andes (dedicated Mar., 1904). Roca's foreign minister, Luis M. Drago, formulated the significant Drago Doctrine (1902).

Roca may refer to:

• Alain Roca (born 1976), Cuban volleyball player
• Julio Argentino Roca, Argentinian president
• A type of toffee
• Cabo da Roca
• Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area
• Republic of China Army
• Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
• Roca (company), a Spanish multinational producer of sanitary products
• Rockland Center for the Arts, West Nyack, NY
• Royal Observer Corps Association, an association of former ROC members in the UK