progressive tax

Tax levied at a rate that increases as the quantity subject to taxation increases. Designed to collect a greater proportion of tax revenue from wealthy people, progressive taxes reflect the view that those who are able to pay more should carry a heavier share of the tax burden. Progressive income taxes may provide for exemption from tax liability for incomes under a specified amount, or they may establish progressively greater rates for larger and larger incomes. The presence of deductions can also make a tax progressive. Progressive taxes are a stabilizing force in periods of inflation or recession because the amount of tax revenue changes more than proportionately with an increase or decrease in income. For example, in an inflationary economy, as prices and incomes rise, a greater percentage of taxpayers' income goes toward taxes. Government revenues increase, and the government has more leverage over the economy. A side effect of this system is that lower-income taxpayers have an especially difficult time making ends meet when inflation is high. To compensate, many economists advocate indexation; several countries adjust their tax rates annually in times of inflation, usually in line with the consumer price index. Seealso regressive tax.

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Movement that took form in Europe and North America during the late 19th century as a reaction to the alleged narrowness and formalism of traditional education. A main objective was to educate the “whole child”—that is, to attend to physical and emotional as well as intellectual growth. Creative and manual arts gained importance in the curriculum, and children were encouraged toward experimentation and independent thinking. Progressive educational ideas and practices were most powerfully advanced in the U.S. by John Dewey. Seealso Summerhill School.

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Politics

• Progressivism, a political movement/ideology with origins in early 20th century America
• Progressive Era, period of reform in the United States lasting from the 1890s through the 1920s
• Progressive Party, name of several different active and inactive political parties across the world
• Progressive tax, tax imposed so that the tax rate increases as the amount to which the rate is applied increases
• The Progressive, left-wing monthly magazine

Business

• Progressive Corporation, auto insurance company in the United States
• Progressive Enterprises, New Zealand retail cooperative

Music

• Progressive music, approach to musical composition that has been applied to several different music genres
• Progressive rock, subgenre of rock music arising in the late 1960s
• Progressive metal, genre of heavy metal music sharing traits with progressive rock
• Progressive country, subgenre of country music started in the late 60s which preceded and led to Outlaw country
• Progressive electronic music, collection of electronic dance music genres drawing upon the use of progressive performing techniques
• Progressive psytrance, style of trance music developed in the early 2000s
• Progressive rock (radio format), radio station programming format that prospered in the late 1960s and 1970s
• Progressive (album), a demo released by the German symphonic metal band Haggard in 1994

Religion

• Progressive creationism, form of Old Earth creationism that accepts that new species have appeared successively over Earth's long history
• Progressive Judaism, umbrella term for all strands of Judaism which do not view halakha as having normative status
• Progressive revelation, core teaching of the Bahá'í Faith that flows from central teachings of the religion
• Progressive Christianity, a movement within contemporary Protestantism characterized by willingness to question tradition, acceptance of human diversity, and strong emphasis on social justice
• Progressive Islam, a modern liberal interpretation of Islam

Sports

• Progressive Field (originally Jacobs Field), home of the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball

Technology

• Progressive disclosure, interaction design technique often used in human computer interaction
• Progressive scan, form of video transmission which is frame-based instead of field-based

Other fields

• Progressive illness, an illness that gradually progresses, generally to the worse.
• Progressive aspect, grammatical aspect that expresses incomplete action in progress at a specific time
• Progressive chess, chess variant in which players play progressively longer series of moves
• Progressive education, which emphasizes a "hands-on" approach to learning.
• Progressive function, function in mathematics
• Progressive jackpot, jackpot for a gaming machine where the value of the jackpot increases a small amount for every game played
• Progressive lenses, corrective lenses used in eyeglasses to correct presbyopia and other disorders of accommodation
• Progressive shifting, technique for changing gears commonly practiced by drivers of semi-trailer trucks
• Progressive stamping, metalworking method that can encompass punching, coining, and bending metal raw material

See also

• Progress
• Progression
• Progressive Alliance
• Progressive Party
• Progressive Unionist
• Progressivism