Petavius is a large lunar impact crater located to the southeast of the Mare Fecunditatis, near the southeastern lunar limb. Attached to the northwest rim is the smaller crater Wrottesley. To the southeast are Palitzsch, Vallis Palitzsch, and Hase. Further to the north is the large crater Vendelinus. Petavius appears oblong when viewed from the Earth due to foreshortening.

The outer wall of Petavius is unusually wide in proportion to the diameter, and displays a double-rim along the south and west sides. The height of the rim varies by as much as 50% from the lowest point, and a number of ridges radiate outward from the rim. The convex crater floor has been resurfaced by lava flow, and displays a rille system named the Rimae Petavius. The large central mountains are a prominent formation with multiple peaks, climbing 1.7 kilometers above the floor. A deep fracture runs from the peaks toward the southwest rim of the crater.

Rev. T. W. Webb described Petavius as,

"one of the finest spots in the Moon: its grand double rampart, on east side nearly . High, its terraces, and convex interior with central hill and cleft, compose a magnificent landscape in the lunar morning or evening, entirely vanishing beneath a Sun risen but halfway to the meridian."

The most favorable time for viewing this feature through a telescope is when the Moon is only three days old. By the fourth day the crater is nearly devoid of shadow.

70cm radar images of this crater and its surroundings show that the region of the surface beyond the wide outer rampart of Petavius has a dark halo, characteristic of a smooth surface free of boulders. It is thought that this may have been created by radial outbursts during the original impact that swept the area "clean".

Petavius B to the north-northwest of Petavius has a small ray system that lies across the surface of Mare Fecunditatis.

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Petavius.

Petavius	Latitude	Longitude	Diameter
A	26.0° S	61.6° E	5 km
B	19.9° S	57.1° E	33 km
C	27.7° S	60.1° E	11 km
D	24.0° S	64.4° E	17 km

References

• Rev. T. W. Webb, Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, rev. 6, Dover, 1962, ISBN 0-486-20917-2.
• Ghent and others, Properties of Lunar Crater Ejecta from New 70 cm Radar Observations, 2004, Lunar & Planetary Science 35; #1879.

External links

• Wood, Chuck A New Kind of DHC. Lunar Photo of the Day. Retrieved on 2005-05-26..
• Wood, Chuck Trenchent Observations of a Trench. Lunar Photo of the Day. Retrieved on 2006-12-12..
• Wood, Chuck The Hase–Petavius Rille. Lunar Photo of the Day. Retrieved on 2007-02-21..
• Wood, Chuck Limb Gift. Lunar Photo of the Day. Retrieved on 2007-11-20..