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Bible translations by language
Bible translations have been made into 2,454 languages, with various portions of the Bible in 848 languages, one of the two Testaments in 1,168 languages, and the full Bible in 438 languages.

Afrikaans • Amharic • Apache • Arabic • Aramaic • Armenian • Arapaho • Azeri • Belarusian • Bulgarian • Burmese • Catalan • Cherokee • Chinese • Cornish • Croatian • Czech • Dakota • Dutch • English • Esperanto • Finnish • French • German • Gothic • Greek • Gullah • Haitian • Hawaiian • Hawaiian Pidgin • Hebrew • Hopi • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ilocano • Inupiat • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Jèrriais • Kazakh • Klingon • Konkani • Korean • Latin • Lisu • Lithuanian • Macedonian • Malayalam • Manx • Maori • Navajo • Norwegian • O'odham • Oromo • Pashto • Persian • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Russian • Serbian • Shawi •Slavonic • Slovene • Spanish • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Taiwanese • Thai •Tongan • Turkish • Ukrainian • Uyghur • Vietnamese • Wakhi • Welsh • Yoruba • Zulu • Zuñi

References

Arapaho

The first Bible portion in Arapaho was translated by John Kliewer, a mennonite missionary, he translated Matthew 9:1-8. This was published with commentary in a ten page pamphlet by Wm. J. Krehbiel in 1888.

The first book was done by John Roberts, a Protestant Episcopal missionary, and Michael White Hawk who translated the Gospel of Luke into the Arapaho language for the American Bible Society in 1903. Distributed Proofreaders is working on digitizing it

Translation Lord's Prayer, from Luke 11:2-4
Roberts & White Hawk (1903) Nau hanaāāedauwunaude, hāene nananena vanevethahenā jeenanesenehena, Hāsaunaunene Nananede hanedaude hejavaa, Vadanauha Nananene haneseede. Nananene hanajanede hanājaunauau. Nananene hathanavāane hadnaasedaunee hasauau hejavaa, nau jee nuu vedauauwuu. Hejevenāa hadauchusenee hayauwusenee vethewau. Nau jejaegudanauwunāa hewauchudaudenedaunau hanau nechau nejaegudanauwunade haunauude hanesāde nethāesayānedanauwunuade. Nau jevaechauhāa nedauvasehadee; hau haugaunayauhāa hehethee hadau wausauau.

Azeri

The first Azeri translation was an incomplete translation, published in 1842. The New Testament was fully translated and published in 1878 and the entire Bible in 1891. In 1982, the Russian Institute for Bible Translation released a revised Azeri translation, which is currently used in Azerbaijan. Azeris in Iran follow a slightly different translation.

Comparison

Translation Matthew (Mətta) 6:9–13
Institute for Bible Translation, 1982
(commonly used in Azerbaijan) 		Ey göylərdə olan Atamız! Adın müqəddəs tutulsun. Səltənətin gəlsin. Göydə olduğu kimi, Yerdə də Sənin iradən olsun. Gündəlik çörəyimizi bizə bu gün ver; Və bizə borclu olanları bağışladığımız kimi, Bizim borclarımızı da bağışla; Və bizi imtahana çəkmə, Lakin bizi şərdən xilas et. Çünki səltənət, qüdrət və izzət Əbədi olaraq Sənindir. Amin.
Unknown translation
(commonly used in Iran) 		Ey göylərdə olan Atamız! Sənin adın müqəddəs olsun. Səltənətin gəlsin. Sənin iradən Göydə olduğu kimi, Yerdə də olsun. Gündəlik çörəyimizi bu gün bizə ver; Və bizim borclarımızı bizə bağışla, Necə ki, biz də bizə borclu olanları bağışlayırıq; Bizi imtahana çəkmə, Lakin şərdən xilas et. Çünki səltənət, qüdrət və izzət Əbədə kimi Sənindir. Amin.

External links

Belarusian

The first translation into Belarusian was by Francysk Skaryna. He printed his first book entitled The Psalter, in the Old Belarusian language on August 6, 1517 in Prague. He continued his printing work in Vilnius. The culmination of his life's work was a printing of the Bible in Old Belarusian. From 1517 to 1519 he printed 23 books of the Bible. Skaryna laid the foundations of the Belarusian literary language. Belarusian bible was the first translation in an Eastern Slavic language and one of the first among European languages.

In 2000 a translation from an Old-Slavic Bible was executed by well known Byelorussian slavist and translator Vasiliy Sergeevich Semukha, with the help of Metropolitan of Byelorussian Authokefal Orthodox Church Nickolaj and missionary of Global Missionary Ministries George Rapetsky (Canada).

Burmese

Adoniram Judson made the first translation of the Bible into Burmese, completed in 1834.

External links

Cherokee

In 1824 the first portion of the Bible was translated into the Cherokee language: John 3, translated by a native Cherokee, At-see (also known as John Arch). It was circulated in manuscript, and received with wonderful avidity, being copied hundreds of times. The complete New Testament was translated in 1825 by David Brown, also a native Cherokee; this was also circulated in manuscript form, as a type for the Cherokee syllabary had not yet been created.

The first actual printing of a Bible portion in Cherokee appeared in the Missionary Herald of December, 1827, and consisted of the first verse of Genesis, translated by Samuel Worcester. In 1828, David Brown, together with a man named George Lowrey, translated Matthew. This was printed in the Cherokee Phoenix from April 3, 1828 till July 29, 1829. It is uncertain whether this translation was ever published in book form or not.

Samuel Worcester, and Elias Boudinot, editor of the Cherokee Phoenix, published a revised translation of Matthew in 1829. This was published by the Cherokee National Press, New Echota. In the second edition, published in 1832, there is a statement that this translation had been "compared with the translation of George Lowrey and David Brown. A third edition was printed by the Park Hill Mission Press in 1840.

Worcester and Boudinot continued with translation, publishing Acts in 1833 and John in 1838. Worcester, together with Stephen Foreman, published John 1–3 in 1840, 1 and 2 Timothy in 1844, James in 1847, 1 and 2 Peter in 1848, Luke in 1850, Exodus in 1853, Genesis in 1856, Mark in 1857, and Romans through Ephesians in 1858. With the assistance of Charles C. Torrey, they published Philippians through 2 Thessalonians, Titus through Hebrews and Jude through Revelation in 1859. Besides the first three books translated together with Boudinot, Matthew (1829), Acts (1833), and John (1838), which were published in New Echota, Georgia, all the rest of Worcester's texts were published by the Park Hill Mission Press. In the meantime, Evan and John B. Jones had published Mark 1 and 2 Thessalonians, Titus, Jude, and Philemon in 1847, and Galatians through Colossians, 1 and 2 Peter in 1848 and Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Hebrews and Revelation in 1849. Their work was published by the Cherokee Baptist Mission. The full New Testament was published by the American Bible Society in 1860.

With the help of Stephen Foreman, Worcester also translated portions of Psalms, Proverbs, and Isaiah.

Jonah, translated by Amory N. Chamberlain, was published in Tahlequah in 1888. A "corrected version", prepared by M.A. Pearson, was published in 1953 by the American Bible Society. Revisions of John (1948) and the New Testament (1951) were published in Westville, Oklahoma.

In 1965 the Perkins School of Theology published a translation of Haggai by Jack and Anna Kilpatrick.

A project to digitalize what has been translated, and finish the translation, had begun at CherokeeBible.org, however it never got very far. New digitalizations efforts have begun at Wikisource and CherokeeNewTestament.net

Translation John 3:16
ᎾᏍᏙᎸ ᏩᏙᏠᏣᎳᎩᏜ ᎾᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᏂᎦᎥᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᎨᏳᎡᎩ ᏒᎶᎯ ᏕᎤᏲᎡᎩ ᎤᏤᏝᎦ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒᎯᏳ ᎤᏕᏁᎸᎯ, ᎩᎶ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏱᎪᎯᏳᎲᏍᎦ ᎤᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏒᏳᎯ ᎠᏥᏍᏕᎸᏱ.

Cornish

The Cornish language has died out in its traditional form but is being revived again. Two chapters of St Matthew’s Gospel survive from the hand of William Rowe of Sancreed (fl. 1650-1690). Henry Jenner translated John 5:1-14 , which was published in 1918, and in 1936 A. S. D. Smith produced his own translation of St Mark’s gospel, a revised edition being published by Talek (E.G. Retallack Hooper) in 1960. St Matthew’s Gospel was translated by D. R. Evans, appearing in 1975 and a version of St John’s Gospel was translated by John Page, published in 1984. Ray Edwards published his translation of Revelation and of a number of epistles in 1986, and St Luke appeared in 1989. Furthermore the Cornish version of the order for Evensong contains a translation of I Corinthians 13 by R. M. Nance. The complete New Testament (Common Cornish version) was published in 2004 and a complete Bible is due in 2010

Czech

The first translation of the whole Bible into Czech, based on the Latin Vulgate, was done in 1360. The Bible is called the "Bible of Dresden". This manuscript was lost during World War I. Many other translations followed this Bible of Dresden, and from the linguistic point of view they can be divided in four different redactions. The last one was finally printed.

The first printed Czech New Testament is the "New Testament of Dlabač", printed in 1487. The first printed complete Bible is the "Bible of Prague" from 1488. Another Czech Bible printed before the year 1501 is the "Bible of Kutná Hora", printed in 1489. All these texts were translated from the Vulgate.

The first translation from the original languages into Czech was the Bible of Kralice, first published in years 1579–1593. The translation was done by the Unity of the Brethren. The third edition from 1613 is considered classical and is one of the most used Czech Bible translations.

Dakota

The Dakota Bible translation was started with Thomas E. Williamson and a half-breed trader, Mr. Renville, who had taken an interest in Williamson's work. After Williamson had modified the Latin alphabet to "work" for Dakota, he spent day after day for two or three winters in Renville's warehouse, reading verse by verse from his French Bible. Mr. Renville would then give the Dakota, and Williamson would write it down. They finished Mark and John this way. In 1837 Williamson was joined by Stephen Riggs, and both of them learned Dakota, and then compared the tentative translation with the original Greek.

In 1843 they offered a corrected gospel to the American Bible Society to be printed. It took nearly 40 years before the full Bible was translated. Williamson never lived to see it finished, as he died in 1879. Their work was revised by Williamson's son, the Rev. John Williamson.

External links

Esperanto

The initiator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, translated the entire Hebrew Bible into Esperanto. A monograph by Douglas B. Gregor, La Esperanta traduko de la Malnova Testamento, compares Zamenhof's translation in some detail with a wide variety of major versions in other languages. A committee, consisting primarily of British clergy and scholars, was formed to translate the New Testament and review Zamenhof's translation for eventual publication by the British and Foreign Bible Society. The New Testament was published in 1910. A translation of the entire Christian canon, often referred to in Esperanto as the "Londona Biblio", was published in 1926. The most recent printing of the "Londona Biblio", issued in 2003, includes the Berveling translation of the Catholic deuterocanonical books.

An Esperanto organization devoted to Biblical and Oriental Studies, the Internacia Asocio de Bibliistoj kaj Orientalistoj, beginning in the 1960s, attempted to organize the translation of a new, ecumenical Esperanto Bible version, but this project eventually lapsed, with only Gerrit Berveling's translation of Numbers (Nombroj, 1999) published. Dr. Berveling (a Dutch Free Church theologian and classical linguist) has, however, translated most of a new version of the New Testament, eschewing the syntactically overliteral tendencies of the B&FBS version, which is perhaps most akin among English versions to the Revised Version of 1881. His gospels have been published as La bona mesaĝo de Jesuo: laŭ X [X = Mateo, Marko, Luko, Johano, all 1992], and the first volume of his projected New Testament has appeared as Leteroj de Paŭlo kaj lia skolo (2004). He has also published a three-volume edition of the Deuterocanonical Books (La duakanonaj libroj), the first two of which (those included in the Catholic Canon) are incorporated in the latest printing of the Londona Biblio.

There have also been other translations of specific books of the Bible and of shorter portions.

Translation Genesis (Genezo) 1:1–3 John (Johano) 3:16
Brita kaj Alilanda Biblia Societo En la komenco kreis Dio la ĉielon kaj la teron. Kaj la tero estis senforma kaj dezerta, kaj mallumo estis super la abismo; kaj la spirito de Dio ŝvebis super la akvo. Kaj Dio diris: Estu lumo; kaj fariĝis lumo. Ĉar Dio tiel amis la mondon, ke Li donis Sian solenaskitan Filon, por ke ĉiu, kiu fidas al li, ne pereu, sed havu eternan vivon.

External links

Gothic

The only translation of the Bible into the extinct Gothic language was made by the bishop Ulfilas and is preserved in one hand-written copy, known as the Codex Argenteus.

Greek

Ancient Greek

The Greek word for bible is "bibilia" which means "books"

The Septuagint (LXX), the ancient translation of the Hebrew Bible into Koine Greek (3rd–1st centuries BC), was the very first Bible translation in any language. It was widely disseminated among ancient Hellenistic Jews, and later became the received text of the Old Testament in the church and the basis of its canon.

Modern Greek

In 1901, Alexandros Pallis translated the Gospels in Modern Greek. The publishing of the translation in a newspaper caused riots in Athens, known as Evangelika (Ευαγγελικά).

Today the most common translation in Greek is the Neophytus Vamvas Translation (known also as Modern Greek). A revisioned NVT is the New Vamvas Translation'' of Spyros Filos.

The New Bible Version is recognized by the Orthodox Church.

Gullah

The effort to translate the Bible into Gullah, a creole language spoken by residents of the Sea Islands off the eastern coast of the southern United States, began in 1979 with a team of Gullah speakers from the Penn Center. They were assisted by Pat and Claude Sharpe, translation consultants for Wycliffe Bible Translators. Pat Sharpe died in 2002, and was replaced by David and Lynn Frank. The gospels of Luke and John were released in 1995 and 2003, while the New Testament was released in 2005.

Translation John 3:16
De Nyew Testament Cause God lobe all de people een de wol so much dat e gii we e onliest Son. God sen we um so dat ebrybody wa bleebe on um ain gwine ded. Dey gwine libe fa true faeba mo.

External links

Haitian Creole

One Haitian Creole Bible "Bib La", sponsored by the Societe Biblique Haitienne (Haitian Bible Society; part of the United Bible Societies), was published in 1985 by the American Bible Society in hardcover (ISBN 1585160725), and a leather bound edition was published in 1999 (ISBN 1585167193).

Translation John 3:16
1985 Paske, Bondye sitèlman renmen lèzòm li bay sèl Pitit li a pou yo. Tout moun ki va mete konfyans yo nan li p'ap pedi lavi yo. Okontrè y'a gen lavi ki p'ap janm fini an.

External links

Hawaiian

A Hawaiian translation was done by New England Christian missionaries and the Reverend Hiram Bingham in the early 1800s. The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) were translated in 1828. The rest of the New Testament was translated in 1832, the Old Testament was translated in 1839, and the translation was revised in 1868.

Translation John 3:16
Ke Kauoha Hou No ka mea, ua aloha nui mai ke Akua i ko ke ao nei, nolaila, ua haawi mai oia i kana Keiki hiwahiwa, i ole e make ka mea manaoio ia ia, aka, e loaa ia ia ke ola mau la.

External links

Hawaiian Pidgin

A translation of the New Testament in Hawaiian Pidgin, titled Da Jesus Book, was published in 2000 by Wycliffe Bible Translators. It was translated by a retired Cornell University linguistics professor Joseph Grimes, who worked with 26 Pidgin speakers 12 years on it.

Translation John 3:16
Da Jesus Book God wen get so plenny love an aloha fo da peopo inside da world, dat he wen send me, his one an ony Boy, so dat everybody dat trus me no get cut off from God, but get da real kine life dat stay to da max foeva.

Hebrew

Apocrypha

The books of the apocrypha were not preserved in the Jewish tradition (as reflected in the Hebrew masoretic text). Though many of them were originally composed in Hebrew, they have reached us only in Greek form, as found in the Septuagint and preserved by the church. In modern times there has been renewed Jewish interest in these books, which has resulted in a few translations into Hebrew.

Two major annotated Hebrew translations of the apocrypha were published in the twentieth century. Both editions include commentaries by the editors, both are vowelized, and both of them incorporate parts of the original Hebrew for Ben Sira that were found in the Cairo Geniza and the Dead Sea Scrolls.

  • Avraham Kahana, ed. and trans., Ha-Sefarim ha-Hitsonim. Tel-Aviv: Hotsaat Meqorot, 1937 (2 vols.), most recently reissued in 1959.
  • Eliyah Shemuel Hartom (aka. Elia Samuele Artom), ed. and trans., Ha-Sefarim ha-Hitsonim. Tel-Aviv: Yavneh, 1965-69.

The Hebrew website Da`at, which collects texts related to Jewish education, has published an online version of public domain Hebrew translations of the apocrypha from the 19th century. The translation for most of the books is that of Yizhak Zelik Frankel, Ketuvim Aharonim (Warsaw, 1885). The online translations have been formatted and slightly modernized.

New Testament

The Greek New Testament has been translated into Hebrew several times since the nineteenth century. These versions are widely distributed by missionary groups targeting Jews, often in bilingual editions.

Hopi

Part of the Bible was published for the first time in 1929. The New Testament was first published in 1972. It seems to mainly have been the work of Jonathan Ekstrom.

Hungarian

The first significant Bible translations into Hungarian are as follows:

  • Hussite Bible (probably 1436–1439, only fragments remained)
  • New Testament (1541, János Sylvester): the first full New Testament in Hungarian
  • Gáspár Károli's translation (also known as Vizsolyi Biblia and its translator as Károlyi, 1590, Protestant): the first complete version in Hungarian, which gained wide popularity and is occasionally used even today as the "classic" translation (similarly to the KJV in English)

    • Revised last time in 2003
  • György Káldi's translation (1626, the first full Catholic version)

    • Revised in 1835, 1851, 1865, 1934, 1973, and 1997
  • Magyar Bibliatársulat új fordítású Bibliája: Protestant translation by the Hungarian Bible Society
  • Szent István Társulati Biblia: Saint Stephen Society Bible; Catholic translation
  • Szent Jeromos Bibliatársulat: Saint Jerome Bible Society; Catholic. Based on Káldi's translation and the Nova Vulgata

Comparison

Translation John (János) 3:16
Károli's translation Mert úgy szerette Isten e világot, hogy az ő egyszülött Fiát adta, hogy valaki hiszen ő benne, el ne vesszen, hanem örök élete legyen.
Magyar Bibliatársulat új fordítású Bibliája Mert úgy szerette Isten a világot, hogy egyszülött Fiát adta, hogy aki hisz őbenne, el ne vesszen, hanem örök élete legyen.
Szent István Társulati Biblia Mert úgy szerette Isten a világot, hogy egyszülött Fiát adta oda, hogy aki hisz benne, az el ne vesszen, hanem örökké éljen.
Szent Jeromos Bibliatársulat
Mert úgy szerette Isten a világot, hogy egyszülött Fiát adta, hogy mindaz, aki őbenne hisz, el ne vesszen, hanem örök élete legyen.

External links

Icelandic

The New Testament was the first book printed in Icelandic. It was translated by Oddur Gottskálksson (whose father was Norwegian) and published in 1540. 44 years later the whole Bible was printed in Icelandic thanks to Guðbrandur Þorláksson, a Protestant bishop at Hólar. The current publisher of the Icelandic Bible is Hið íslenska Biblíufélag (The Icelandic Bible Society). The latest full translation was published in 2007.

Translation John 3:16
Hið ísl. Biblíufélag (1981) Því svo elskaði Guð heiminn, að hann gaf son sinn eingetinn, til þess að hver sem á hann trúir glatist ekki, heldur hafi eilíft líf.

Inupiat

Roy Amaogak, together with Don & Thelma Webster of Wycliffe Bible Translators translated the New Testament into Inupiat. It was published in 1967 by the American Bible Society.

Irish

The first Irish translation of the New Testament was begun by Nicholas Walsh, Bishop of Ossory, who worked on it until his untimely death in 1585. The work was continued by John Kearny, his assistant, and Dr. Nehemiah Donellan, Archbishop of Tuam, and it was finally completed by William O'Domhnuill (William Daniell, Archbishop of Tuam in succession to Donellan). Their work was printed in 1602.

The work of translating the Old Testament was undertaken by William Bedel (1571-1642), Bishop of Kilmore, who completed his translation within the reign of Charles the First, however it was not published until 1680, in a revised version by Narcissus Marsh (1638-1713), Archbishop of Dublin.

Italian

The first printed translation of the Bible into Italian was the Malermi Bible in 1471 from the Latin version Vulgata.

Giovanni Diodati in 1607 translated the Bible from Latin and Jewish documents; his version is the reference version for the Italian Protestantism.

The Bible of CEI (Conferenza Episcopale Italiana) is the official version of the Italian Catholic Church. It was first printed in 1971 (editio princeps) as the work of only three translators in order to keep the text more consistent, and revised in 1974 (editio minor).

In 1997 the New Testament has been revised considering newly discovered documents. A revision of the Old Testament is expected for 2007.

Jèrriais

Only selected passages from the Bible has been translated into Jèrriais, the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France, in Europe.
Translation John (Jean) 3:16
Lé Nouvieau Testament Car Dgieu aimait tant l'monde qu'i' donnit san seul Fis, à seule fîn qu'touos les cheins tchi craient en li n'péthissent pon, mais qu'il aient la vie êtèrnelle.

Kazakh

Charles Fraser of the Scottish Missionary Society, was the first person to work on translation of the Kazakh Bible. His translation of Matthew was published in 1818, and the New Testament in 1820--by the Russian Bible Society. J.M.E Gottwald, a Professor at Kazan University, revised it, and this was published in 1880 by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Kazan, it was republished in 1887, and 1910. George W. Hunter, of the China Inland Mission in Urumqi, considered this translation to be "a good translation, into Astrahan-Turki, he did not consider it to be Kazakh. Darlow and Moule say that it was intended for Kyrgyz in the neighborhood of Orenburg, and the language was sometimes called "Orenburg Tatar. The Book of a Thousand Tongues calls it Kirghiz.

Macarius II, the Bishop of Tomsk, translated Mark, published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Tomsk in 1894. All four Gospels in one were published in Kazan by Pravoslavnoe Missionerskoe Obshchestvo in 1901. I'm not sure if this is related to the edition of Mark previously published in Kazan, or if it is the same as I. Katerinksi's translation, listed in Book of a Thousand Tongues as Kirghiz.

Mildred Cable's biography of George Hunter just says "a Qazaq speaking Russian". This version is printed in a Cyrillic script, slightly different then what Qazaqs use today, it has a lot of Russian/Greek words in it, and uses Russian/Greek names, instead of Qazaq/Islamic ones.

The 1901 work was republished in 1972 by the Institute for Bible Translation in Stockholm, Sweden.

George W. Hunter of the China Inland Mission was aware of the Kazan 1901 translation, and after much prayer that he would be able to get a copy of it, a man approached him in the bazaar offering to exchange it (a book he could not read) for one that he could.

From Cable's book it would seem that Hunter's translations are just a transliteration of the Kazan version. However there are many differences, he may have only done a lot of revisions on them, or he may have just used them as a reference for his own work. Hunter's work has a more Qazaq feel about it.—getting rid of all the Russian/Greek names in favour of Qazaq/Muslim ones among other things. Besides the gospels, Hunter also translated, Acts and Genesis, these had never before been translated into Qazaq. Hunter had the help of a Mullah, and may have also had the help of Percy Mather.

When Examples of Various Turki Dialects was written in 1918, Abdul Kader was the Mullah who was helping them. He may be the same who helped with the translation, and writing used in Hunter's gospels.

The information about publications of Hunter's versions below is given to the best of my knowledge, perhaps there was more translated that ended up with Hunter's journals, wherever they disappeared to. Hunter may also have translated and published some work in Urumqi later on that never got out to Shanghai, some maybe never published, some maybe only published in small quantities in Tihwafu.

Acts, Mark, and a tentative edition of Matthew was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society/China Inland Mission in "Tihwafu" (Urumqi) in 1917. A 2'nd edition, (new edition of the 1917 translation by G.W. Hunter) of Mark was published in Shanghai in 1918. A 2'nd edition (new edition of the 1917 translation by G. W. Hunter) of Acts was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Shanghai in 1919. All four Gospels where published again by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Shanghai in 1927, and again in 1928. The Shanghai BFBS also published Genesis in 1931.

A modern translation of the Kazakh Bible is in progress.

Klingon

The entire Bible, based on the World English Bible has been mechanically translated into the Klingon language - the artificial language spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe. At this point, the translation is a sort of Klingon-English pidgin, since the machine translator does not handle Klingon grammar or unusual vocabulary.

Translation John 3:16
Klingon Language Version vaD joH'a' vaj loved the qo', vetlh ghaH nobta' Daj wa' je neH puqloD, vetlh 'Iv HartaH Daq ghaH should ghobe' chIlqu', 'ach ghaj eternal yIn.

External links

Konkani

Konkani is the Indo-Aryan language of Konkan in western coastal regions of India.

External links

Korean

  • Korean Living New Testament
  • Korean Common Language Bible. 1977
  • Pyongyang Bible. 1984

In 1866, an American merchant ship, the General Sherman, was sunk as it tried to enter Pyongyang along the Daedong river. All on board were killed in the ensuing battle, including Protestant missionary from the British Congregation Church to Korea – a young man called Robert Thomas. He had managed to get to shore, holding a copy of the Chinese Bible, which he gave to one of the Korean soldiers before he died.

Latin

There were a number of piecework translations into Latin during the period of the early Church. Collectively, these versions are known as the Vetus Latina. In the Old Testament, they follow the Greek Septuagint closely. The Greek translation was the usual source for these anonymous translators, and they reproduce its variations from the Hebrew Masoretic Text. They were never rendered independently from the Hebrew or Greek; they vary widely in readability and quality, and contain many solecisms in idiom, some by the translators themselves, others from literally translating Greek language idioms into Latin.

All of these translations were made obsolete by St. Jerome's Vulgate version of the Bible. Jerome knew Hebrew, and revised and unified the Latin Bibles of the time to bring them into conformity with the Hebrew as he understood it. The liturgical Psalms, however, are often taken from the older Latin bibles.

As discussed in the Vulgate article, there are several different versions of the Vulgate: the Clementine Vulgate, the Stuttgart Vulgate, the Nova Vulgata. These represent various attempts to either revise or modernise the Vulgate, or to recover Jerome's original text.

In the Protestant Reformation, Theodore Beza produced a new Latin version of the Old Testament, the Apocrypha and the New Testament. However, because demand for a Latin Bible among Protestants declined steadily, Beza's translation never achieved wide circulation. Nevertheless Beza's Latin translation, with its many exegetical margin notes, influenced the translation of the famous Geneva Bible.

Comparison

Translation John 3:16
Vulgate Sic enim dilexit Deus mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret, ut omnis qui credit in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam æternam.
Theodore Beza Ita enim Deus dilexit mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum illum dederit, ut quisquis credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat vitam æternam.

Lisu

Central Lisu

After creating the Fraser alphabet, Fraser initially worked on Mark and John. He then handed on the translation task to Allyn Cooke and his wife, Leila, coming back to help the team with revision and checking in the mid 1930s. The complete New Testament was finished in 1938. And the complete Bible in 1968. In 1995 a 45,000 Lisu Bibles were published.

Eastern Lisu

Part of the Bible was published for the first time in 1912. The New Testament was first published in 1951. The entire Bible is not yet translated.

Lithuanian

The first small fragments of Bible and few Bible terms were probably translated as early as in 14th century, together with the baptism of Lithuania. The first texts of the Holy Scriptures in the Lithuanian language appeared in the middle of the 16th century following the spread of the Reformation.. The first book in Lithuanian, "The Catechism" by Martynas Mažvydas, published in 1547, contained ten commandments of God, two psalms, extracts from the Gospels and the epistles of apostles. In 1579-1580 Jonas Bretkūnas completed translation of the Bible, but it was not published. Prepared by a great number of Protestant translators (Jonas Berentas, Petras Gotlybas Milkus, Pilypas Ruigys, Adomas Fridrichas Simelpenigis and others), the Lithuanian Bible was first published in 1735 in Karaliaucius.

External links

Malayalam

The Malayalam New Testament was first published in 1829. First complete Malayalam Bible was printed by Benjamin Bailey, the Anglican missionary, in 1841.

The International Bible Society, currently known as IBS-STL had translated and published the NIBV (New India Bible Version) in Malayalam which was released in 1997, distributed by Growthinc India Publishing Pvt.Ltd., and had good demand from many scholars, pastors, students and even the traditional Christians, who preferred it more because of its easy readability and narrative style.

The Complete Malayalam Bible in Unicode was published online on 14 August 2004. By Nishad H. Kaippally. The newest Complete Malayalam version Vishudha Sathyavedapusthakam was released on 2000 by Bro. Dr. Mathews Vergis. An interactive CD of Vishudha Sathyavedapusthakam was also produced by Bro. Dr. Mathews Vergis, and this is the first of its kind in any Asian language.

External links

Manx

The Bible was translated into the Manx language, a dialect of Gaelic, by a committee of clergy from the Isle of Man. The New Testament appeared in 1767, and the complete Bible in 1772.

Translation Genesis 1:1–3 John (Ean) 3:16
British Bible Society 1819 Ayns y toshiaght chroo Jee niau as thalloo. As va'n thalloo gyn cummey, as feayn; as va dorraghys er eaghtyr y diunid: as ren spyrryd Yee gleashagh er eaghtyr ny ushtaghyn. As dooyrt Jee, Lhig da soilshey 've ayn; as va soilshey ayn. Son lheid y ghraih shen hug Jee d'an theihll, dy dug eh e ynyrcan Vac v'er ny gheddyn, nagh jinnagh quoi-erbee chredjagh aynsyn cherraghtyn, agh yn vea ta dy bragh farraghtyn y chosney.

Maori

The Bible was translated into the Maori language in the 19th century by missionaries sponsored by the Church Missionary Society , including Elizabeth Fairburn Colenso.

Navajo

L. P. Brink, a Christian Reformed missionary translated the first portions of the Bible into the Navajo language. His translation's of Genesis and Mark were published by the American Bible Society in 1910. Presbyterian missionaries John Butler and Alexander Black translated short portions, and in 1917 after collaborative work by all three men, as well as one other, the American Bible Society published in one volume portions from Exodus, Psalms, Luke, Romans, First Corinthians, and Revelation, as well as a revised version of Genesis and Mark. In 1937 Acts was added, and it was republished as "God Bizaad" (God's Word)

Work only began in earnest, however, when Faye Edgerton joined Wycliffe Bible Translators in 1944. She and Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, and completed most of the New Testament. The Corinthian epistles were translated by William Goudberg and Jacob Kamps of the Dutch Reformed Church. The New Testament was published in 1956, and became a instant bestseller among the tribe.. The complete Bible, under the name Diyin God Bizaad was printed for the first time in 1985. A revision was published by the American Bible Society in 2000.

Translation John 3:16
Diyin God Bizaad

Háálá Diyin God éí nihokáá’ dine’é t’áá’íiyisí ayóó’ájó’níigo bąą haYe’ t’ááłá’í há yizhchínígíí baazhníłtį́, áko t’áá háiida boodlą́ągo baa dzólíhígíí éí doo ádoodįįł da, ndi iiná doo nińt’i’ii bee hólǫ́ǫ dooleeł.

Norwegian

As Danish was the written language of Denmark–Norway, there was no Norwegian language Bible until the independence of Norway in 1814, and for some time thereafter (see Norwegian language struggle). The independence of Norway saw the formation of the Norwegian Bible Society, which first produced Bibles in Danish, which became Bokmål as a separate Norwegian written language was formalized. A translation of the New Testament into Nynorsk was published in 1899, and of the entire Bible in 1921.

O'odham

The O'odham New Testament was translated by Dean and Lucille Saxton.

Oromo

The Oromo New Testament was published in 1893, the complete Bible in 1899, the work of Aster Ganno and Onesimos Nesib. A new translation of the entire Bible was published by the Ethiopian Bible Society in 1992.

Pashto

The New Testament was first published in the Pashto language in 1818, with the first complete Bible in 1895. In 1991 the Pakistan Bible Society produced a modern New Testament, most recently revised in 1996.

External links

Persian

The Bible was translated into Persian in the early 19th century. One major figue in this work was Henry Martyn, a contemporary of William Carey, who translated the New Testament. In 1811 he journeyed into Persia (now Iran). There he sent a copy of his translation of the New Testament to the Shah . It was published in 1815. The complete Bible translation was completed in 1838 . A new version, Common Language Translation, first published in 1976. The New Testament is largely based on Henry Martyn's work.

Portuguese

The principal translator of the Bible into Portuguese was João Ferreira de Almeida, who began the translation in 1644, at the age of 16, and continued until his death in 1691. He translated all of the New Testament and a majority of the Old Testament. Those portions he did not translate before his death were completed by Jacob op den Akker.

Nova Versão Internacional (NVI) is an International Bible Society translation for the Brazilian dialect of the Portuguese language, completed in April 2000, and is primarily used in Brazil.

Romanian

The first complete translation to Romanian was done in 1688 (called "Biblia de la Bucureşti") by Radu and Şerban Greceanu with the help of Şerban Cantacuzino and Constantin Brâncoveanu.

Before the Greceanu brothers, have been other partial translation like the Slavic-Romanian Gospel (1551), Coresi's Gospel (1561), The Braşov Psalm Book (1570), Palia from Orăştie (1582), The New Testament of Alba Iulia (1648) and others.

Two main translations are currently used in Romanian. The Orthodox church uses the "Biblia Sinodală" (Bible of the Holy Synod) version, the standard Romanian Orthodox Bible translation, published with the blessings of Patriarch Teoctist, whereas Protestant denominations mainly use the more widespread translation of Dumitru Cornilescu, first published in 1928. In 1989 "Biblia Cornilescu Revizuită" (Revised Cornilescu Version) appeared; it tried to get the existing translation closer to the original manuscripts, in a form grammatically corrected and adapted according to the evolution of the modern Romanian language.

Comparison

Translation John (Ioan) 3:16
Cornilescu (1928) Fiindcă atît de mult a iubit Dumnezeu lumea, că a dat pe singurul Lui Fiu, pentruca oricine crede în El, să nu piară, ci să aibă viaţă vecinică.
Biblia Cornilescu Revizuită (1989) Fiindcă atît de mult a iubit Dumnezeu lumea, că a dat pe singurul Său Fiu, pentru ca oricine crede în El să nu piară, ci să aibă viaţă veşnică.
Biblia Sinodală Biblia Ortodoxă Online Căci Dumnezeu aşa a iubit lumea, încât pe Fiul Său Cel Unul-Născut L-a dat ca oricine crede în El să nu piară, ci să aibă viaţă veşnică.
Traducerea lumii noi (2000)
Romanian version of New World Translation 		Fiindcă atât de mult a iubit Dumnezeu lumea, încât l-a dat pe Fiul său unic-născut, pentru ca oricine exercită credinţă în el să nu fie distrus, ci să aibă viaţă veşnică.

Serbian

Atanasije Stojković translated the New Testament to Serbian in 1830. More published translation by Vuk Karadžić was next (1847), completed by the Old Testament translation by Đuro Daničić (1865).

More recent translations are the following:

  • Lujo Bakotić, 1933, complete
  • Dimitrije Stefanović, 1934, New Testament
  • Emilijan Čarnić, 1973, New Testament
  • the Synod with the Bible Society, 1984, complete
  • Aleksandar Birviš, 1987, four Gospels.

Comparison

Translation Genesis () 1:1–3 John (Jevanđelje po Jovanu) 3:16
Đuro daničić, Vuk Karadžić U početku stvori Bog nebo i zemlju. A zemlja beše bez obličja i pusta, i beše tama nad bezdanom; i duh Božji dizaše se nad vodom. I reče Bog: Neka bude svetlost. I bi svetlost. Jer Bogu tako omile svet da je i Sina svog Jedinorodnog dao, da nijedan koji Ga veruje ne pogine, nego da ima život večni.
Emilijan Čarnić (1992) New Testament only Jer Bog je tako zavoleo svet da je svog jedinorodnog Sina dao, da svaki - ko veruje u njega - ne propadne, nego da ima večni život.

External links

Shawi

The first Bible portions in Shawi Berber of Algeria were translated by Charles Cook, an English Methodist missionary. He translated selected portions of the New Testament which were published by the Scripture Gift Mission in the 1930s. None are in print today.

The first book, Jonah, was translated in 1997 recorded as a dramatized audio cassette.

The first film produced, the Jesus film, was translated and dubbed in 2002.

A number of other films based on Genesis were completed in 2007.

A selection of Psalms are available in print format.

External links

Ahellil 23 (2007) 1 Ahellil n Dawed. Yellu ḏ anilti inu, ur a yitxuṣṣa lak ḏ qli. 2 Ḏi ṯreqcin ṯizizawin, yessers-ay. U ɣer isaffen yehnan yettawi-ay. 3 F ul yettekkes-ay lɣelban. U yessgura-y, ḏeg briḏen yeḥlan, ḏ wa ḏ ccan n yism nn-es. 4 Lak ma ugireɣ ḏi ṯecƹibṯ n tiwḏi. Cceṛṛ ur ṯettaggwaḏeɣ, xaṭṛac cek iḏi. Ṯaɣṛiṯ ḏ uƹukkwaz nn-ek sseḍmanen-ay. 5 Ṯessrusiḏ-d zzaṯi lmakelt yeḥlan, qadda n yeɣrimen inu. Ṯḏehhneḏ s zziṯ ixf inu, u aqbuc inu yetɣeddeṛ. 6 Ḏ lxir ḏ leḥnant a d-ittazzalen wern-ay, ussan gaƹ n tudert inu. U aḏ zedɣeɣ ḏug exxam n Yellu, Mɣir ma uqqan wussan inu.

Swahili

The first translation of parts of the Bible into Swahili was accomplished by 1868, with a complete New Testament translation following in 1879 and a translation of the whole Bible in 1890. Since that time, there have been several translations into different dialects of Swahili as spoken in different regions of East Africa; these include the Union Translation published by the Bible Society of Tanzania in 1950 and the Swahili Common Language version.

Translation John (Yohana) 3:16
Union Translation Kwa maana jinsi hii Mungu aliupenda ulimwengu, hata akamtoa Mwanawe pekee, ili kila mtu amwaminiye asipotee, bali awe na uzima wa milele.

Tagalog

Thai

Part of the Bible in Thai was first published in 1834. The New Testament in Thai was printed for the first time in 1843. The first full collection of Bible texts in Thai came out in 1883.

External links

Tongan

Although parts of the Bible were first translated into Tongan in 1844, the New Testament was first published in 1849. The first complete edition of the Bible was translated into Tongan by Wesleyan missionaries; the translation was then revised and edited by T. West, and published in London by W. M. Watts in 1860 (New Testament) and 1862 (Old Testament). Another translation of the Bible into Tongan was completed by James Egan Moulton in 1902 after serving there as a Methodist minister for eleven years. His translation is still in use today.

Turkish

The Bible was translated into Turkish by Wojciech Bobowski, a Polish convert to Islam, in the 17th century. It was known as the Kitabı Mukaddes ("Holy Book"). For many years it was the only Turkish Bible.

Following Atatürk's orthographic reforms in 1923, the Bible was rewritten in the new Latin alphabet. This project was completed in 1941.

However, as the Turkish authorities were determined to remove as many foreign words from Turkish as possible, the language consequently underwent a dramatic transformation. In just sixty years, the language went through the equivalent of three hundred years of changes, thus many foreign words used in the Bible were no longer used. Because of this the United Bible Society and the Translation Trust joined together to produce a translation suited to the new language. This work would be called the Colloquial Version. The translators included Ali Simsek, Behnan Konutgan and Mahmud Solgun. The translation consultants included the Rev. Dr. Manuel Jinbachian and Dr. Krijn van der Jagt. In 1989 the New Testament was published, one journalist saying the work "flows like music." The complete Bible was dedicated on October 21, 2001.

Translation John (Yuhanna) 3:16
Modern Translation (1989) Çünkü Tanrı dünyayı o kadar çok sevdi ki, biricik Oğlunu verdi. Öyle ki, O'na iman edenlerin hiçbiri mahvolmasın, ama hepsi sonsuz yaşama kavuşsun.

External links

Uyghur

Fragments of the Biblical texts dating from a very early time were found in Turpan. Probably translated by the Nestorians.

The first modern translating began in the late 1800s, when Johannes Avetaranian, a Turk working with the Swedish Missionary Society translated the New Testament into Uyghur. The gospels were published in 1898 by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Lepzig. Avetaranian had translated the whole New Testament, but couldn't get the British and Foreign Bible Society to print it all at once. He left Xinjiang, thinking it would be temporary, but never returned. In Avetaranian revised his Gospels, and in 1911, along with Acts they were published by the German Orient Mission, in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Gustaf Raquette, also with the Swedish Missionary Society, came to Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and worked together with Avetaranian on a revision of the New Testament translation. This revision was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1914.

Selections from the Old Testament, translated by Avetaranian was published in Bulgaria in 1907. It is a small booklet though, and it is unclear how much/if he translated any more then that.

Genesis in 1917, Job in 1921, and Psalms in 1923 were translated by other members of the Swedish Missionary Society, especially Oscar Andersson. The British and Foreign Bible Society also printed a revision of the New Testament, by Lars Erik Hogberg and G. Sauerwein in Cairo, in 1939.

George Hunter, of the China Inland Mission in Urumqi, translated Mark, published in 1920 by the Shanghai branch of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and Acts, published by them in 1922. 1 Samuel (a tentative edition) was published in Urumqi in 1917.

After the Swedes had been exiled from Xinjiang, Gustaf Ahlbert, Oskar Hermannson, Dr. Nur Luke (a Uyghur), Moulvi Munshi, and Moulvi Fazil, completed the translation of the Uyghur Bible in India. This, and a revision of the New Testament, was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1950, in Cairo.

Modern Uyghur translations of the Bible are in progress.

External links

Vietnamese

  • 1926 Vietnamese Translation (VT), (Cadman)

  • 1995 Republication of the 1926 VT

  • 2008 New Vietnamese Bible

Although, the Chu Quoc Ngu had been written in the 17th century, it took more than 250 years (1872) for Vietnamese Bibles to be translated for common teaching use in Vietnam. In 1963, Catholic officials published Vietnamese Bibles for the Vietnamese people's use.

A group of pastors are working to translate the Bible to Vietnamese using the English New International Version (NIV).

External links

Wakhi

The translation of the Bible into Wakhi has begun in Moscow.

The first publication of a biblical text into Wakhi, was an excerpt from the Gospel of Luke (2:1-20) in a book on the birth of Jesus in the 80 languages of the peoples of the CIS, (IBT, 2000. p. 68-69)

In 2001 the Institute for Bible Translation published 1,500 copies of Selections from Luke.

Translation Lord's Prayer, from Luke 11:2-4
Roman alphabet Yiso yavər x̆atəy: «Sayišt i dəo carəv, x̆anəv: „Ey bzыrgwor Tat ki də osmonət cəy! Ti bəzыrg nung bər olam ыmыt! Ləcər dəwroni Ti podšoyi ɣ̆at-ət, zəmin-ət zəmon də hыkmi taw ыmыt! Spo rыsq-ət rыzi sakər nəsib car! Cə spo gənoən šəxs! Sak bə kuy, ki sakər šakiɣ̆, cə kərk! kыx̆ter baxṣ̌əṣ̌ carən. Cə bandi nafs-ət awasən, Cə waswasayi Iblisən saki niga δыr!“»
Cyrillic alphabet Йисо йавəр х̌атəй: «Сайишт ҙи дəо царəв, х̌анəв: „Ей бзыргв̌ор Тат ки дə осмонəт цəй! Ти бəзырг нунг бəр олам ымыт! Лəцəр дəв̌рони Ти подшойи г̌ат-əт, зəмин-əт зəмон дə ҳыкми тав̌ ымыт! Спо рысқ-əт рызи сакəр нəсиб цар! Цə спо гəноəн шəхс! Сак бə куй, ки сакəр шакиг̌ цə кəрк! Кых̌тəр бахш̣əш̣ царəн. Цə банди нафс-əт ав̌асəн, Цə в̌асв̌асайи Иблисəн саки нига д̌ыр!“»

Wampanoag language

The Bible was translated into the Wampanoag language (now extinct) by John Eliot. It was published in the 1600s and is the first Bible to be printed in North America.

Zulu

In 1837, the first portion's of the Bible in the Zulu language were published, in the "First Book for Readers" portions of Genesis and two Psalms were published.

The first book of the Bible to be translated into the Zulu language was Matthew's Gospel, published in 1848 by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). This was translated by George Champion, and revised by Newton Adams.

The completed New Testament was published in 1865, translated by a several missionaries of the ABCFM. And the complete Bible, translated also by many members of the ABCFM, and corrected by Andrew Abraham, and finally edited by S. C. Pixley was published in 1883.

It was revised in 1959, and published in London by the British and Foreign Bible Society.

A Modern Zulu New Testament, and as the Psalms was completed in 1986 and published in Cape Town by the Bible Society of South Africa. This was translated by Dean Nils Joëlson, and project co-ordinated by, Mr. D. T. Maseko and Mr. K. Magubane.

External links

Zuñi

In 1906, Andrew VanderWagen translated the Gospel according to Mark. In the 1930s and 1940s, Wycliffe Bible Translators Carroll Whitener translated the Gospel according to John, as well as a few other portions of Scripture, with the help of Rev. George Yff and Rex Natewa.

After extensive study of the Zuñi language, and massive recordings of their folklore, and after creating a writing system that worked for their language, Curtis Cook translated the gospel of Mark (published in 1970) and Acts into the Zuñi language. Cook's chief language helper was Lorenzo Chavez

References

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