The Patee House was built by John Patee as part of his Patee Town development around the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad station. The headquarters of the Pony Express was in the hotel for a period, as were St. Joseph Female College and Patee Female College. The family of Jesse James stayed in the hotel after he was murdered.
The building is now a museum about the history of the town. It is listed as a National Historic Landmark.