Parker

Parker, Alton Brooks, 1852-1926, American jurist, U.S. presidential candidate (1904), b. Cortland, N.Y. He practiced law in Kingston, N.Y., and was (1877-85) surrogate of Ulster co., N.Y. He became important in state Democratic politics and successfully managed (1885) the campaign of David B. Hill for governor of New York. Parker served as justice of the New York supreme court (1885-89) and of the old general term of the supreme court (1892-94) before (upon the general term's abolition) he moved to the New York court of appeals, finally serving as chief judge of the court of appeals (1897-1904). As a jurist he became noted for his liberal decisions in labor cases. He resigned as chief judge after receiving (1904) the Democratic party nomination for the U.S. presidency. Division within the party over the currency issue and the popularity of Theodore Roosevelt helped make Parker's defeat overwhelming. Returning to law practice, he defended the American Federation of Labor in the Danbury Hatters' Case and served as counsel for the prosecution in the impeachment of Gov. William Sulzer.

Parker, Charlie "Bird" (Charles Christopher Parker, Jr.), 1920-55, American musician and composer, b. Kansas City, Kans. He began playing alto saxophone in 1933, and after shifting from one band to another he met Dizzy Gillespie in New York City. They formed a quintet, which in 1945 made the first bop (or bebop) records and thus became the leaders of the bop movement in jazz. Parker's brilliant improvisations, noted for their power and beauty, soon earned the admiration of innumerable musicians. He composed several instrumental quartets and made many recordings. For many years Parker was addicted to drugs, which hastened his death.

Parker, Dorothy (Dorothy Rothschild Parker), 1893-1967, American short-story and verse writer, b. West End, N.J. While serving as drama critic for Vanity Fair (1916-17) and book critic for the New Yorker (1927), she gained an almost legendary reputation for her sardonic wit. Her first volume of poetry, Enough Rope (1926), brought her fame, and she followed it with such volumes as Death and Taxes (1931) and Not So Deep as a Well (1936). Although decidedly light and often flippant, Parker's satiric verse is carefully crafted and stunningly concise. Her short stories satirizing aspects of modern life are witty, wry, and often poignant. "Big Blond" is probably her best-known story. Collections of stories include Laments for the Living (1930) and Here Lies (1939). Her Collected Stories was published in 1942 and her Collected Poetry in 1944. She collaborated with Arnaud d'Usseau on the play Ladies of the Corridor (1953).

Parker, Francis Wayland, 1837-1902, American educator, b. Bedford, N.H. At the age of 16 he began his first job as a teacher in New Hampshire. After serving with the Union army in the Civil War, he returned to teaching and became head of a normal school in Dayton, Ohio. In 1872 he traveled to Germany to study the new methods of pedagogy being developed there, particularly those based on the theories of Johann Herbart. Upon his return to the United States (1875), Parker served for five years as superintendent of schools in Quincy, Mass. There he originated what came to be called the Quincy movement, emphasizing such elements of progressive education as group activities, the teaching of science, informal methods of instruction, and the elimination of rigid discipline. He extended these practices as a supervisor (1880-83) of schools in Boston, as principal (1883-99) of the Cook County Normal School, Chicago, and as founder and principal (1899-1901) of the Chicago Institute, which became part of the school of education of the Univ. of Chicago. His pioneering work led to improvements in curricula and teacher training.

Parker, Sir Gilbert, 1862-1932, Canadian novelist, b. Ontario. His novels and collections of tales usually deal either with the history of Canada or with England and the empire. Among his works are Pierre and His People (1892), The Seats of the Mighty (1896), and The Promised Land (1928). He moved to England in 1889 and from 1900 to 1918 served in Parliament.

Parker, Horatio William, 1863-1919, American composer, b. Auburndale, Mass.; pupil of Rheinberger in Munich. He was an organist and choirmaster in Boston and New York City and taught at the National Conservatory, New York. In 1894, Parker became the first chairman of the music department at Yale, a position he held until his death. He composed for the stage, for orchestra, and for organ, but he is remembered as a writer of church music in the style of late German romanticism.

Parker, Sir Hyde, 1739-1807, British admiral. In the American Revolution he broke (1776) the defenses of the Hudson River at New York City—an exploit for which he was knighted in 1779. He later held commands in the Mediterranean, Jamaica, and the North Sea in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Horatio Nelson was Parker's second in command at the great victory of Copenhagen (1801); his failure to observe Parker's signal to cease fighting is a famous incident in naval history. Nelson soon replaced Parker.

Parker, Isaac Charles, 1838-96, American frontier judge, b. Belmont co., Ohio. Self-taught in law, Parker began practice in St. Joseph, Mo., in 1859. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1870 as a Republican. Parker was appointed (1875) judge of the western district of Arkansas, an unruly area that included in its jurisdiction the Indian Territory. He became known as a "hanging judge" because of the many death sentences he meted out. However, Parker's rigorous justice helped bring law and order to the area.

Parker, Matthew, 1504-75, English prelate, archbishop of Canterbury. At Cambridge he was influenced by the writings of Martin Luther and other reformers. In 1535 he was appointed chaplain to Anne Boleyn and in 1537 to Henry VIII. In 1544, Parker became master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, to which he later left his fine collection of ancient manuscripts, and in 1545 he was made vice chancellor of Cambridge. Under Edward VI he was presented with the deanery of Lincoln, but after the accession of Mary I, who deprived him of his preferments, he lived in obscurity until he was called (1559) by Elizabeth I to the see of Canterbury. He courageously undertook the primate's responsibilities in a time of change and peculiar difficulty, sustaining a distinctly Anglican position between extreme Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. In 1562 he revised the Thirty-nine Articles. He supervised (1563-68) the preparation of the Bishops' Bible, published anonymously De antiquitate Britannicae ecclesiae (1572), and is also noted for his editions of the works of Matthew of Paris and other chroniclers.

Parker, Quanah, c.1852-1911, Native American chief, b. Texas; son of a Comanche chief, Peta Nocone, and Cynthia Ann Parker, a survivor of a massacre. In 1867 he became chief of the Comanche and until 1875 led raids on frontier settlements. After his defeat and surrender he adjusted to the white civilization and promoted housing, agriculture, and education for Native Americans. A successful businessman in Oklahoma and Texas, he was believed at one time to be the wealthiest Native American in the United States. See. C. L. Jackson, Quanah Parker, Last Chief of the Comanches (1963).

Parker, Theodore, 1810-60, American theologian and social reformer, b. Lexington, Mass. He graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1836 and was pastor (1837-46) of the Spring Street Unitarian Church, West Roxbury, Mass. The liberalism that he presented in Boston in 1841 and amplified in his scholarly Discourse of Matters Pertaining to Religion (1842) was then so radical that the Boston Unitarian clergy withdrew from him, although he remained a member of their association. He was one of the transcendentalists, contributed to the Dial, and edited (1847-50) the Massachusetts Quarterly Review. In 1845 he became preacher of the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society of Boston. His congregation grew to 7,000. In addition he lectured at lyceums throughout the country and was a leader in antislavery and other reform activities. In 1859 ill health forced him to retire, and he died in Florence. After his death Parker's works were widely read, and his once radical views gained acceptance. The best edition of his works is the Centenary (15 vol., 1907-13).

orig. Dorothy Rothschild

(born Aug. 22, 1893, West End, near Long Beach, N.J., U.S.—died June 7, 1967, New York, N.Y.) U.S. short-story writer and poet. She grew up in affluence in New York City. She was a drama critic for Vanity Fair and wrote book reviews for The New Yorker (1927–33). Her poetry volumes include Enough Rope (1926) and Death and Taxes (1931). Her short stories were collected in Laments for the Living (1930) and After Such Pleasures (1933). She also worked as a film writer, reported on the Spanish Civil War, and collaborated on several plays. A member of the Algonquin Round Table, she is chiefly remembered for her wit.

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(born May 14, 1852, Cortland, N.Y., U.S.—died May 10, 1926, New York, N.Y.) U.S. jurist. He practiced law in Kingston, N.Y., and was elected surrogate of Ulster county in 1877 and 1883. He was appointed to the New York Supreme Court in 1885, the state Appeals Court in 1889, and the appellate division of the state Supreme Court in 1896. From 1898 to 1904 he was chief justice of the New York court of appeals. On the bench, he was noted for upholding the rights of labour. As the Democratic Party presidential candidate in 1904, he represented the eastern, pro-gold-standard wing of the party. Soundly defeated by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, he resumed his law practice.

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(born March 31, 1806, Rochester, N.H., U.S.—died Nov. 19, 1873, Dover, N.H.) U.S. politician and reformer. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1843–45), where he achieved prominence as an opponent of slavery. In the U.S. Senate (1847–53, 1855–65), he sponsored a bill abolishing flogging in the navy. In 1852 he was the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Free Soil Party. He returned to the Senate as a Republican and became a leader of that party. He later served as U.S. minister to Spain (1865–69).

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(born March 31, 1806, Rochester, N.H., U.S.—died Nov. 19, 1873, Dover, N.H.) U.S. politician and reformer. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1843–45), where he achieved prominence as an opponent of slavery. In the U.S. Senate (1847–53, 1855–65), he sponsored a bill abolishing flogging in the navy. In 1852 he was the unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Free Soil Party. He returned to the Senate as a Republican and became a leader of that party. He later served as U.S. minister to Spain (1865–69).

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orig. Dorothy Rothschild

(born Aug. 22, 1893, West End, near Long Beach, N.J., U.S.—died June 7, 1967, New York, N.Y.) U.S. short-story writer and poet. She grew up in affluence in New York City. She was a drama critic for Vanity Fair and wrote book reviews for The New Yorker (1927–33). Her poetry volumes include Enough Rope (1926) and Death and Taxes (1931). Her short stories were collected in Laments for the Living (1930) and After Such Pleasures (1933). She also worked as a film writer, reported on the Spanish Civil War, and collaborated on several plays. A member of the Algonquin Round Table, she is chiefly remembered for her wit.

Learn more about Parker, Dorothy with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born May 14, 1852, Cortland, N.Y., U.S.—died May 10, 1926, New York, N.Y.) U.S. jurist. He practiced law in Kingston, N.Y., and was elected surrogate of Ulster county in 1877 and 1883. He was appointed to the New York Supreme Court in 1885, the state Appeals Court in 1889, and the appellate division of the state Supreme Court in 1896. From 1898 to 1904 he was chief justice of the New York court of appeals. On the bench, he was noted for upholding the rights of labour. As the Democratic Party presidential candidate in 1904, he represented the eastern, pro-gold-standard wing of the party. Soundly defeated by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, he resumed his law practice.

Learn more about Parker, Alton B(rooks) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Parker (Mojave 'Amat Kuhwely, formerly 'Ahwe Nyava) is a town in and the county seat of La Paz County, Arizona, United States, on the Colorado River. The population was 3,140 at the 2000 census.

History

Founded in 1908, the town was named for Ely Parker, the first Native American commissioner for the U.S. government. The original town site of Parker was surveyed and laid out in 1909 by a railroad location engineer by the name of Earl. H. Parker. However, the town's name and origin began when a post office was established January 6, 1871, on the Colorado River Indian reservation to serve the Indian agency.

Geography

Parker is located at (34.144644, -114.289686).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 22.0 square miles (57.0 km²), of which, 22.0 square miles (56.9 km²) of it is land and 0.05% is water.

According to Census Bureau maps, the town is divided into two non-contiguous sections; the northern section consists of the original town and is located in the Colorado River Indian reservation and the southern section consists of a larger, roughly rectangular section of largely undeveloped territory

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,140 people, 1,064 households, and 791 families residing in the town. The population density was 142.8 people per square mile (55.2/km²). There were 1,157 housing units at an average density of 52.6/sq mi (20.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 62.04% White, 1.88% Black or African American, 23.09% Native American, 0.86% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 7.45% from other races, and 4.52% from two or more races. 29.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,064 households out of which 41.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.38.

In the town the population was spread out with 32.8% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $34,625, and the median income for a family was $37,663. Males had a median income of $26,542 versus $21,006 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,016. About 10.6% of families and 14.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.2% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links

• Parker Website