Paranaíba, river, c.500 mi (800 km) long, rising in W Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It flows generally westward through an agricultural region before joining the Rio Grande to form the Paraná. Diamonds are washed along its course. A hydroelectric project lies at nearby São Simão.

Paranaíba is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population was 39,424 (2005) and its area is 5,403 km².

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