Norway was under the control of Danish monarchs from 1380 until 1814. During this time, several political entities were created which included both Norway and Denmark. Margaret I of Denmark created the Union of Kalmar in 1397, merging the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In 1481, after the death of Christian I, Sweden abandoned the Union and a two-year interregnum in Norway resulted. Many Norwegians wished to remain in union with Denmark; others preferred to join with Sweden. In 1536, after the Swedish secession, the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway was formed; it included the dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands and lasted until 1814. In that year, Norway briefly regained independence but, after several months, was forced into union with Sweden. Since 1905, Norway has been a constitutional monarchy ruled by a cadet line of the Danish House of Glücksburg.
Early regnal dates are traditional and of uncertain accuracy. Before the Norwegian Law of Succession was introduced in 1163, inheritance of the throne was an affair filled with deep conflicts; in many cases, brothers would initially share it. Early Viking kings are listed using the name common in historic sources, with the Norwegian name in parentheses.
| P | Period of rulership |
|---|---|
| I | Independent period |
| D | Union with Denmark |
| S | Union with Sweden |
| DS | Union with Denmark and Sweden |
| R | Interregnum |