The district was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Berwick rural sanitary district. It contained all the historic area of Norhamshire and most of Islandshire, including Norham and Lindisfarne (Holy Island), which had been under the jurisdiction of the County Palatine of Durham until 1844.
The district survived until 1974, when it was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972. It now forms part of the borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed.