In this psychological approach, gene/gene interaction, gene/environment interaction and, crucially, the process of ontogeny (pre- and post-natal development) are all considered to play a vital role in how the brain progressively sculpts itself and how it gradually becomes specialised over developmental time.

Neuroplasticity is considered an essential part of development.

Supporters of neuroconstructivism, such as Karmiloff-Smith, argue against innate modularity of the mind. Instead, emphasis is put on innate domain relevant biases. These bias are understood as aiding learning and directing attention. Module-like structure are therefore the product of both experience and these innate biases. Neuroconstructivism can therefore being seen as a bridge between Jerry Fodor's Psychological nativism and Jean Piaget's Theory of cognitive development.