Napoleon

Reichstadt, Napoleon, duke of: see Napoleon II.

or Louis-Napoléon orig. Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte

(born April 20, 1808, Paris, France—died Jan. 9, 1873, Chislehurst, Kent, Eng.) Emperor of France (1852–70). The nephew of Napoleon, he spent his youth in exile in Switzerland and Germany (1815–30). With the death in 1832 of Napoleon's son, Napoléon-François-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, duke von Reichstadt, he became the claimant to the French throne. After an abortive coup d'état, he was exiled by King Louis-Philippe to the U.S. After another attempted coup (1840), he was arrested, tried, and imprisoned. He escaped to England (1846) and returned to Paris (1848), where he was elected to the national assembly. He evoked the legend of Napoleon to win the popular vote as president of the Second Republic. Attempting to expand his power, he staged a coup in 1851 and made himself dictator; in 1852, as Napoleon III, he became emperor of the Second Empire. Seeking to reestablish French power, he led France into the Crimean War and helped negotiate the treaty at the Congress of Paris (1856). He sided with Sicily against Austria (1859) and was victorious at the Battle of Solferino. He aided Italy in achieving unity and annexed Savoy and Nice (1860). He promoted liberalized policies within France, which enjoyed prosperity during much of his reign. In the 1860s he gradually introduced political liberalization. He expected material rewards from his “Latin empire” after installing Maximilian as emperor of Mexico (1864–67) but was disappointed. He kept France neutral in the Austro-Prussian War (1866), but in 1870 Otto von Bismarck contrived to involve France in the disastrous Franco-Prussian War. After leading his troops to defeat in the Battle of Sedan (September 1870), Napoleon surrendered and was deposed as emperor.

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orig. Napoléon-Franchooklois-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte

(born March 20, 1811, Paris, France—died July 22, 1832, Schönbrunn, Austria) The only son of Napoleon and Marie-Louise, he was born during Napoleon's reign as emperor and styled “King of Rome.” On Napoleon's abdication (1814), Marie-Louise took her son to live at the court of her father, Emperor Francis II, rather than allow him to remain in France as the focus of resistance as Napoleon II. Given the Austrian h1 of duke of Reichstadt, he was controlled by Klemens, prince von Metternich. In 1830 Bonapartist insurgents attempted to restore Reichstadt as Napoleon II, but he was already ill with tuberculosis, which would kill him.

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French Napoléon Bonaparte orig. Italian Napoleone Buonaparte

(born Aug. 15, 1769, Ajaccio, Corsica—died May 5, 1821, St. Helena Island) French general and emperor (1804–15). Born to parents of Italian ancestry, he was educated in France and became an army officer in 1785. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to brigadier general in 1793. After victories against the Austrians in northern Italy, he negotiated the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797). He attempted to conquer Egypt (1798–99) but was defeated by the British under Horatio Nelson in the Battle of the Nile. The Coup of 18–19 Brumaire brought him to power in 1799, and he installed a military dictatorship, with himself as First Consul. He introduced numerous reforms in government, including the Napoleonic Code, and reconstructed the French education system. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the pope. After victory against the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo (1800), he embarked on the Napoleonic Wars. The formation of coalitions of European countries against him led Napoleon to declare France a hereditary empire and to crown himself emperor in 1804. He won his greatest military victory at the Battle of Austerlitz against Austria and Russia in 1805. He defeated Prussia at the Battles of Jena and Auerstedt (1806) and Russia at the Battle of Friedland (1807). He then imposed the Treaty of Tilsit on Russia, ending the fourth coalition of countries against France. Despite his loss to Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar, he sought to weaken British commerce and established the Continental System of port blockades. He consolidated his European empire until 1810 but became embroiled in the Peninsular War (1808–14). He led the French army into Austria and defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram (1809), signing the Treaty of Vienna. To enforce the Treaty of Tilsit, he led an army of about 600,000 into Russia in 1812, winning the Battle of Borodino, but was forced to retreat from Moscow with disastrous losses. His army greatly weakened, he was met by a strong coalition of allied powers, who defeated him at the Battle of Leipzig (1813). After Paris was taken by the allied coalition, Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814 and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815 he mustered a force and returned to France to reestablish himself as emperor for the Hundred Days, but he was decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo. He was sent into exile on the remote island of St. Helena, where he died six years later. One of the most celebrated figures in history, Napoleon revolutionized military organization and training and brought about reforms that permanently influenced civil institutions in France and throughout Europe.

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Napoleon is a town in Jackson Township, Ripley County, Indiana, United States. The population was 238 at the 2000 census.

Geography

Napoleon is located at (39.204250, -85.328659).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²).0.2 square miles (0.5 km²). All of it is land and none of it is covered by water, with the exception of the Dean family pond. The pond was formerly the water supply for the town and a has become a very popular "fishing hole".

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 238 people, 93 households, and 74 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,266.1 people per square mile (483.6/km²). There were 103 housing units at an average density of 547.9/sq mi (209.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.32% White, 1.26% Native American, and 0.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.10% of the population.

There were 93 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.4% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.4% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males. Howard Rohlfing is currently the Mayor Of Napoleon and is looking forward to being elected to his 14th term.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,844, and the median income for a family was $43,295. Males had a median income of $30,625 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,187. About 5.5% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 4.3% of those sixty five or over.

References

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