Milky Way

Milky Way, the galaxy of which the sun and solar system are a part, seen as a broad band of light arching across the night sky from horizon to horizon; if not blocked by the horizon, it would be seen as a circle around the entire sky. Although its motion is not readily apparent, the entire galaxy is rotating about the Milky Way's center. Relative to the universe, the galaxy is moving at a speed of c.370 mi per sec (c.590 km per sec) in the same direction that the constellation Leo lies relative to the earth; it is also moving at c.60 mi per sec (c.100 km per sec) relative to the center of mass of the Local Group of galaxies. The sun, traveling at a speed of c.150 mi per sec (c.240 km per sec) in a nearly circular orbit, takes 200-230 million years to complete one revolution.

Visual Characteristics of the Milky Way

Among the constellations the Milky Way passes through are Carina, Crux (the Southern Cross), Sagittarius (where it is brightest), Scorpius, Aquila, Cygnus, Perseus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, and Gemini. In the direction of Cygnus is the Great Rift, a band of dark matter that lies along the Milky Way, dividing it into two forks. Another dark region is the Coalsack, in Crux. Once believed to be vast empty regions in space, these dark areas are now known to be clouds of dark matter blotting out the light behind them. Such nonluminous clouds of dust and gas, called dark nebulae, obscure many parts of the sky from sight; in the direction of the galactic center, the view is almost entirely obscured.

Size and Shape of the Milky Way

The Milky Way is a large galaxy comprising an estimated 200 billion stars (some estimates range as high as 400 billion) arrayed in the form of a disk, with a central elliptical bulge (some 12,000 light-years in diameter) of closely packed stars lying in the direction of Sagittarius. It is surrounded by a flat disk marked by six spiral arms—four major and two minor—which wind out from the nucleus like a giant pinwheel. Because of these arms, the Milky Way was classified as a spiral galaxy. However, increasing evidence indicates that the Milky Way probably has a bar or barlike structure of new, bright stars in its central region. This would modify its classification to a barred spiral or an intermediate type between barred and "normal" spiral. Our sun is situated in one of the smaller arms, called the Local or Orion Arm, that connect the more substantial next inner arm and the next outer arm. The sun lies roughly two thirds of the way from the center of the disk, which is some 28,000 light-years distant, and in the galactic plane. When we look in the plane of the disk we see the combined light of its stars as the Milky Way. The diameter of the disk is c.100,000 light-years; its average thickness is 10,000 light-years, increasing to 30,000 light-years at the nucleus.

Certain features of the region near the sun suggested that our galaxy resembles the Andromeda Galaxy. In 1951 a group led by William Morgan detected evidence of spiral arms in Orion and Perseus. Another bright arm stretches from Sagittarius to Carina in the southern sky. With the development of radio astronomy, scientists have extended a nearly complete map of the spiral structure of the galaxy by tracing regions of hydrogen that dominate the spiral arms.

Surrounding the galaxy is a large spherical halo of globular star clusters that extends to a diameter of about 130,000 light-years; this is called the stellar halo. The galaxy also has a vast outer spherical region called the corona, or dark halo, which is as much as 600,000 light years in diameter and, in addition to dark matter which accounts for most of the Milky Way's mass, includes some distant globular clusters, the two nearby galaxies called the Magellanic clouds, and four smaller galaxies.

Stellar Populations and Galactic Evolution

The stars, gas, and dust that make up the Milky Way can be grouped into two broad stellar populations that suggest how the galaxy evolved. The spiral arms and central plane of the Milky Way contain the interstellar gas, cosmic dust, and bright young stars categorized as Population I. The halo, spaces between the spiral arms, and central core of the galaxy contain the older, less spectacular stars that are categorized as Population II. This distribution can be explained by an evolutionary model in which an enormous cloud of gas and dust began to condense to form what are now Population II stars. The remaining gas and dust then collapsed, either suddenly or in stages, into the relatively thin disk in which Population I stars were (and still are being) formed.

Like other galaxies, the Milky Way is growing by absorbing small satellite galaxies. It is currently merging with the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, a process that will be completed in about 100 million years. In 2003 a previously unknown galaxy was found to be colliding with the Milky Way. Its distinctive red stars are slowly being pulled into the Milky Way, and the dwarf will soon lose all its structure. Called the Canis Major dwarf galaxy after the constellation in which it lies, it is about 25,000 light years away from the solar system and 42,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way. This is closer than the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, discovered in 1994, which is also colliding with the Milky Way. Several other galaxies are also, apparently, on a collision course with the Milky Way. The biggest and most spectacular collision will be with the Andromeda Galaxy. In about 2 billion years, massive tidal gravitational effects will tear spiral arms apart and start to shred the pinwheels from the outside in. The result will be an elliptical rather than a spiral Milky Way.

This page is about the amusement park, for the Harold Lloyd film, see The Milky Way (1936 film)

The Milky Way is an amusement/theme park in Devon, near Clovelly. Entry costs £10 per person taller than 1.2 m, £9 for anyone under 1.2 m and £7 for a senior, although if you order online, it costs £1 less and under 3's are free. The Milky Way's owner is Trevor Stanbury.

Attractions

The attractions at the Milky Way are split into 3 main groups.

Space

• The Cosmic Typhoon is Devon's largest rollercoaster. It takes about 1min 20secs to go around with a top speed of . You must be over 1.2 m to ride, but there is a secondary caterpillar roller coaster next to it, where you only have to be 0.8 m! Like all of the rides, the ride price is included in the entrance fee!
• The Droid Destroyers are state of the art dodgems, placed on of track. There are 18 cars, and there is no height restrictions, but only on special sessions. In regular sessions you must be over 1.2 m to ride/drive. Special sessions are available for kids and adults only. Like all of the rides, the ride price is included in the entrance fee!
• The Clone Zone is an alien based ride, where you beam onto a mothership, then ride away on a suspended coaster. You must be 1.2 m to ride this ride. The ride price is included in the entrance fee.
• The Time Warp is an indoor play area consisting of slides, ball pits, assault courses and much more! There is no height restrictions for any of the slides, but the slides are very demanding, so you must not let your kids on a slide that you know they could not stand. Next door to the Time Warp is Toddler Town and the Fantasy Farm, which is for under 5's. Bare skin and nylon clothes burn on the slides. Everything inside is free, and there is a café attached (although you have to pay in there)

Live Shows

• The Bird of Prey centre does live bird shows which are very fascinating. They fly some of the fastest birds of prey, which they train to be okay around humans. They get them doing dives and zipping past your shoulder at + amongst other interesting things. The show is free.
• The Flying Ferret is part of The Ferret Show at the Milky Way. In The Ferret Show, you see ferrets racing against each other in a custom built race course. You also see the world's only Flying Ferret! This special ferret is place in a small box, where it then climbs up about 15+ feet into a black box, it then puts on a crash helmet (supposedly), turns on Mission Impossible music, then flys down to a red box at the bottom of the arena. The show is free.

Farm & Country

• Pets Corner is a wonderful experience for kids and adults alike. You get to get up close to farm animals such as goats, sheep, guinea pigs and rabbits. They also have an in-house hatchery, in which you can watch real eggs hatching (if they feel like it). You can also help bottle-feed the animals at certain times.
• The Sports Centre is an indoor area with Archery, Golf and Laser Shooting. You can either play Golf outside (clubs, pencils, scorecards etc. are provided) or go onto the driving range. You can play a game of laser shooting, and get a lesson on Archery, with a certificate! (Note: Archery does cost money. 6 arrows + a lesson = £1.50, 12 arrows + a lesson = £2.)
• The Pidler Collection is a museum of old farm equipment, as the place used to be a fully-functional farm. It includes everything from Grandpa's tractor to Grandma's kitchen.
• The Lynbarn Railway is a renovation of the old Lynbarn railway, with fantastic views, it is completely wheelchair friendly.
• The Lost In Space Maze is an eco-friendly maze, being made of growing bushes! In the summer time, it's extremely easy to navigate as the plants aren't fully grown, but in the autumn/winter, they're up to their full height! It is totally wheelchair friendly, as well as buggy friendly. You can watch it grow from your computer (link 1 in the external link section)

External links

• Link 1