Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is the successor operator of portions of Bay Colony Railroad.
On December 31, 2007 the contract to operate the freight railroad lines owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts administered by the Executive Office of Transportation (EOT) expired. These railroad lines included the Cape Cod main, as well as several shorter lines. The new contract was awarded to a new company, the Massachusetts Coastal Railroad, which took over on January 1, 2008. At that time the Bay Colony ceased operation on those lines, but continues in other areas of the state.
Massachusetts Coastal Railroad is a subsidiary of Cape Rail Inc., which also operates the Cape Cod Central Railroad.
Massachusetts Coastal Railroad also operates under the abbreviated name Mass Coastal Railroad. This shortened version is the variation currently used on all of Massachusetts Coastal's locomotives and rolling stock. Mass Coastal operates with three engines; the 2006, 2007, and 2008. The 2006 is an ex-ATSF GP7u (previously BNSF 1336), the 2007 is a similar ex-ATSF GP9u (previously BNSF 1664), and the 2008 is an ex-Canadian National GP9RM. By the end of 2008 all MC units are to be equipped with cab signals, enabling them to traverse the CSX interchange in Middleborough, MA. As of July 2008 only the 2008 is so equipped. The railroad has started running the trash train from Yarmouth and Falmouth, MA to SEMASS, a waste-to-energy plant in Rochester, Massachusetts. However, the train will operate under the new name, "Energy Train" using 20 former Canadian Pacific bath tub coal hopper rebuilt into "Energy" cars. These "Energy Cars" are numbered 1000-1019.