marines, troops that serve on board ships of war or in conjunction with naval operation. A British marine corps was established in 1664, and the need for skilled riflemen aboard military vessels brought about intermittent renewal of this organization. In 1775 the Continental Congress established the Continental Marines in the American Revolution, and after this organization had disappeared with the end of the war, the U.S. Congress created (1798) its successor, the present U.S. Marine Corps. The Corps played a distinguished role on the Barbary coast and has been prominent in all major wars in which the United States has participated. In the early 20th cent. U.S. marines were sent to quell disturbances in several Central American and Caribbean countries—Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. In a controversial move, the United States also sent some 22,000 marines and paratroopers into the Dominican Republic during the revolution of Apr., 1965. In World War II the marines played a key role in the invasion of several Pacific islands held by the Japanese, and they also served with distinction in Korea and Vietnam. Under the organization (1947) of the National Military Establishment, the U.S. Marine Corps functions as a branch of the U.S. Navy but is a complete operating unit within itself and has all military arms except cavalry.

The "Marines' Hymn" is the official hymn of the United States Marine Corps. It is the oldest official song in the United States military. The song has an obscure origin—the words date from the 19th century, but no one knows the author. The music is from the Gendarmes' Duet from the opera Geneviève de Brabant by Jacques Offenbach, which debuted in Paris in 1859. The Marine Corps secured a copyright on the song on August 19, 1919, but it is now in the public domain.

The initial verse is "From the Halls of Montezuma to the Shores of Tripoli." "Montezuma" refers to the Battle of Chapultepec, which took place during the Mexican-American War; "Tripoli" refers to the First Barbary War and the Battle of Derne.

The "Marines' Hymn" is typically sung at the position of "attention" as a gesture of respect. However, the third verse is also used as a "toast" during events important to the Corps such as the Marine Corps birthday, promotions, and retirements. Note the line "Here's health to you and to our Corps."

Lyrics

From the halls of Montezuma,
To the shores of Tripoli;
We fight our country's battles
In the air, on land, and sea;
First to fight for right and freedom
And to keep our honor clean;
We are proud to claim the title
Of United States Marine.

Our flag's unfurled to every breeze
From the dawn to setting sun;
We have fought in every clime and place
Where we could take a gun;
In the snow of far-off northern lands
And in sunny tropic scenes;
You will find us always on the job
The United States Marines.

Here's health to you and to our Corps
Which we are proud to serve;
In many a strife we've fought for life
And have never lost our nerve;
If the Army and the Navy
Ever look on Heaven's scenes;
They will find the streets are guarded
By United States Marines.

Alternative first stanza

Lyrics in use before 1919 included:

From the halls of Montezuma, to the shores of Tripoli,

We fight our country's battles, on the land as on the sea.

Admiration of the nation, we're the finest ever seen;

And we glory in the title of United States Marines.

This version can be heard in the 1950 film Halls of Montezuma. In 1919, the third and fourth lines were changed to include the "first to fight" motto. In 1942, the second line was changed to refer to the addition of air power to the world's military arsenals.

Extra verses

Various people over the years wrote unofficial or semi-unofficial extra verses to commemorate later battles and actions, for example :

Again in 1941, we sailed a north'ard course

and found beneath the midnight sun, the Viking and the Norse.

The Iceland girls were slim and fair, and fair the Iceland scenes,

and the Army found in landing there, the United States Marines.

(In 1940, during World War II, British forces occupied Iceland to guard it from possible occupation by Nazi Germany. In 1941, responsibility for the occupation was transferred to the U.S., who garrisoned a brigade of Marines.)

In Australia

The Marines' hymn has many variations, including The Pride of South Australia - the theme song of the Adelaide Crows Australian rules football side in the Australian Football League.

The tune is used as the St. Joseph's Nudgee College rugby union First XV song, with modified lyrics that do not differ greatly from those which are used by the USMC. The tune is generally given as a cry from the stand during home games. The lyrics are as follows:

From the far off hills of Canberra, to the shores of Papua,

We come from every corner, from near and from afar.

Admiration of all GPS, we're the finest ever seen;

And we glory in the title of Nudgee First XV.

References

External links

• Marines' hymn, MP3 from the Marine Corps "President's Own" website.
• Marine Corps Theme performed as instrumental band march (.wav file)
• Marine Hymn Lyrics Information about the USMC hymn as well as other USMC history.

Further reading

• London, Joshua E. Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. ISBN 0-471-44415-4